VISA-A scale

客观的[edit|编辑来源]

The VISA-A aims to evaluate the clinical severity for patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. It is an easily self-administered questionnaire that evaluates symptoms and their effect on physical activity. It can be used to compare different populations with chronic achilles tendinopathy, and facilitate comparisons between studies. It can be used to determine the patient’s clinical severity and provide a guideline for treatments as well as for monitoring the effect of treatment^[1]签证-A是非常用户友好的，因为它通常需要不到五分钟的时间来完成，即使对于患有慢性和严重症状的患者，也是如此。调查问卷代表了有效，可靠和疾病的特定调查问卷，以衡量Achilles肌腱的状况，但这不是诊断工具。调查问卷的最终版本被评为维多利亚州体育评估研究所 - 阿基尔问卷调查问卷。

预期人口[edit|编辑来源]

• Patients with Achilles tendinopathy.
• Patients who are able to give written informed consent.
• 排除：怀孕或护理妇女，持续持续破裂的个人肌腱。

使用方法[edit|编辑来源]

The questionnaire contains eight questions, covering three necessary domains: 1) pain, 2) functional status, and 3) activity (= three significant domains of dysfunction):

• 曲estions 1-3 are related to pain. (in this questionnaire, the term "pain" refers specifically to pain in the Achilles tendon region).
• 曲estions 4-6 are related to function.
• 问题7-8与活动有关。
• 曲estion 8 actually contains two questions: a) pain with activity, and b) duration of activity.
• 前七个问题的分数为10分，问题8最多分为30。
• 前六个问题使用VAS使患者可以报告主观症状连续性的大小。最后两个问题使用了一个分类评级规模^[2]

Answering question 8 is limited to A,B or C and relates to the reality of the patient. The patient automatically loses at least 10 of 20 points if he or she has pain during sports activity.

The maximum score that can be achieved on the question is 100, and would be the score of person who is completely asymptomatic. A lower score indicates more symptoms and greater limitation of physical activity.

签证患者的娱乐性患者在签证范围内不会得分高于70。

证据[edit|编辑来源]

Reliability[edit|编辑来源]

The VISA-A questionnaire has good test-retest (r=0.93), intrarater (thee tests, r = 0.90), and interrater (r=0.90) reliability as well as good stability when compared one week apart (R=0.81).

分数没有差异，是否在第一次访问或第二次访问时完成测试重新测试问卷（P = 0.58）。通过Pearson r分析可靠性数据，因为这些数据通常是分布式的。^[2]

指出,签证的分数并不表明e whether surgery is decided upon, even though it has been shown that there are statistically significant differences between population mean VISA-A scores in non-surgical vs surgical patients.

To internationally compare results, perform multinational studies, or minimize bias originating from subpopulations speaking different languages within one country, a unique protocol of forward and back translations and cultural adaptations as well as ‘‘verification of the scaling requirements and validation of and establishing normative values of the new version’’ are required .

This procedure has been performed and published for the Swedish, Italian, and Turkish versions of the VISA-A questionnaire. Cross-cultural adaptions to Spanish, Portuguese, and Flemish languages have been done but are not reported in journals available in Medline/Pubmed.^{[1][3][4][5][6]}

Validity[edit|编辑来源]

签证分数与珀西和康乃伊的严重程度（Spearman的r = 0.58; p <0.01）和Curwin和Stanish（Spearman的r = -0.57; p <0.001）显着相关。^[2]

因素分析提供了两个因素，强烈证实，调查问卷是有效的，用于评估患者的症状及其对身体活动的影响。由Cronbach的alpha测量的内部一致性为0.77表示否应排除任何问题。^[2]

The VISA-A questionnaire displays construct validity when used in two populations of patients with Achilles tendinopathy and control subjects. The mean (95% confidence interval) score in non-surgical patients has been shown to be 64 (59-69), in presurgical patients 44 (28-60), and with asymptomatic persons 96 (94-99). VISA-A scores are higher in non-surgical vs presurgical patients (p=0.02) and higher in asymptomatic persons vs presurgical or non-surgical patients (p<0.001).^[2]

响应能力[edit|编辑来源]

The VISA-A questionnaire shows good responsiveness; it is sensitive for clinically important changes over time with treatment, easy for patients to fill out, and the data is easily handled.^[7]

其他语言[edit|编辑来源]

The French version of this questionnaire (签证-AF.) is also available. It has been recently shown to have satisfactory levels of construct validity, excellent test–retest reliability, good internal consistency and discriminatory validity, as well as an absence of floor and ceiling effects.^[8]

Miscellaneous[edit|编辑来源]

Since minimal investigator assistance is required, the VISA-A can be self-administered and risks for potential observer bias are very limited.

签证问卷不是诊断工具，可以减少或影响得分。下肢功能。函数的局限性限制了主题在问题8中得分的能力，即使阿基尔斯肌腱可能未被勒索。

签证问卷的持续数值结果是比较患者在临床环境中的进展的理想选择。连续数值结果有可能在临床环境和研究中提供效用。
需要进一步的研究来确定签证分数是否预测预后^[2]

A lower score indicates more symptoms and a larger limitation of physical activity, but there is no evidence that indicates, for example, that a patient with a score of 70 is "cured".

重新[edit|编辑来源]

• VISA-A Questionnaire

参考[edit|编辑来源]