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- 您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:在了解神经可塑性之前,有必要了解这个术语;“可塑性”。“可塑性是任何结构的能力,它足够弱,可以被外部刺激改变,但又足够强,不能一次塑造”霍金斯·SL·威廉·詹姆斯和意识的“剧场”。in brain, Mind and Consciousness in History of Neuroscience, 2014 (pp. 185-206)。施普林格,多德雷赫特。< / ref >。此外,人脑中的神经组织具有巨大的可塑性。神经可塑性被定义为神经系统通过重组其结构、功能或连接来改变其活动以响应内在或外在刺激的能力。神经元的一个基本特性是它们能够通过多种活动依赖机制来改变突触传递的强度和功效,通常称为突触可塑性Mateos-Aparicio P, Rodríguez-Moreno A. [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2019.00066/full]对大脑可塑性的影响研究。细胞神经科学进展,2019;13:66。可从:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2019.00066/full(最后访问日期为2019年11月24日)。下面的简短视频概述了神经可塑性的原理。 {| width="100%" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2" |- | {{#ev:youtube|ELpfYCZa87g|380}} Senatis. Neuroplasticity. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELpfYCZa87g [last accessed 01/03/16] It was once believed that the brain stopped developing after the first few years of life, it was thought that it was only during the early "critical period" as a young child that connections formed between the brains nerve cells which then remained fixed in place as we age. As such it was considered that only young brains were 'plastic' and thus able to form new connections. Because of this belief, scientists also thought that if a particular area of the adult brain was damaged, the nerve cells could not form new connections or regenerate, and the functions controlled by that area of the brain would be permanently lost. In the book "Principle of Psychology" written over 100 years ago, William James presented the first theory of neuroplasticity, suggesting that the human brain is capable of reorganizing. It was not until 1948 when the term Neuroplasticity was first used by a Polish Neuroscientist named Jerzy Konorski, who suggested that over time neurons that had 'coincidental activation due to the vicinity to the firing neuron would after time create plastic changes in the brain'. What is Neuroplasticity Cutting Edge Research Comprehensive Answers. History of Neuroplasticity. http://www.whatisneuroplasticity.com/history.php (accessed 1 March 2016). But it was not until the mid to latter half of the 20th century, following a wide range of research which showed that many aspects of the brain remain changeable even into adulthood, that the term Neuroplasticity came to prominence. Neuroplasticity, also referred to as brain plasticity, is a term used to describe changes to the brain that happen throughout the lifespan in response to new experiences. Latest research shows that brain development and behaviour are guided by a basic genetic blueprint, in addition to a range of experiences and all that shapes the emerging brainKolb, B., et al. (2013). "Brain plasticity in the developing brain." Prog Brain Res 207: 35-64.. Even prenatal events could be a factor in the modification of neuronal connections. This notion contrasted with the previous scientific consensus that the brain develops during a critical period in early childhood then remains relatively unchangeable afterwards.