查看疼痛管理的心理方法的来源

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您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:===生物反馈===部分信息来自Physiopedia页面[//m.houseofhawgs.com/Biofeedback Biofeedback]，请访问更多信息。生物反馈是一种多方面的工具，利用设备以视觉和听觉信号的形式向人类揭示一些正常和异常的内部生理事件，以便教会他们通过操纵显示的信号来操纵这些原本不自主或未感知的事件。Basmajian J.(1989)，生物反馈:临床医生的原则和实践，Williams &威尔金斯< / ref >。这一概念近年来发展迅速，并将随着技术的发展而继续发展。这里有一些例子马里兰大学医学中心(2011)，Biofeedback, geraadpleegd op 1/05/2013，[ONLINE] http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/biofeedback-000349.htmLockheed M. (2010)， Biofeedback研究报告，geraadpleegd op 1/05/2013, http://www.etc.cmu.edu/projects/lm-motion/Research/biofeedbackResearch.pdf:[[图片:热生物反馈。jpg|拇指|右|100px|热生物反馈]]*测量肌肉张力的肌电图(EMG) *测量皮肤温度的热生物反馈*测量脑电波活动的神经反馈/脑电图(EEG) *测量皮肤电活动的皮肤电图(EDG) *测量热量从身体散发的速率的热通量*测量呼吸时腹部/胸部运动的气垫图*测量热量的热量计根据大脑中含氧和无氧血液的相对数量，测量通过头皮反射回来的光的颜色差异的血脑图*测量外周血流量、心率和心率变异性的光容积脉搏图(PPG)再次，这是一种典型的治疗方法，需要与姿势再教育、运动或放松等治疗方法结合使用，以最大限度地提高其效果。以JepsonJepson NA的案例研究为例。生物反馈在慢性疼痛患者中的应用。区域麻醉与疼痛管理技术，2008,12,111-114。该案例研究涉及一名45岁的女性，她在15年内发生了4起车祸。 The patient had no obvious pathology on MRI or x-ray but was complaining of chronic pain specifically headaches and soreness in the cervical paraspinal muscles, right morse so than the left which feels tight. VAS score of 2-10 at best and 8 of 10 at worst usually brought on by driving more than 2.5 hours, bending, being in static positions for more than 15 to 20 minutes as well as reaching overhead. The pain has responded to TENS and heat but is now creating disturbances in normal daily life. After assessment it was decided that relaxation, TENS, and stretching would be used initially and then over the following weeks EMG would be used to utilise feedback of relaxation and overactivity of muscles. EMG would then be used during functional tasks to correct any movement abnormalities which could be contributing to the pain. At a 1-year follow up pain had been reduced to VAS 2-3/10 with no pain lasting up to 2 days and 95% reduction in headaches and corrected posture. Additionally the patient reported being able to recognise and correct postural and muscular abnormalities before they became troublesomeJepson NA. Applications of biofeedback for patients with chronic pain. Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management (2008) 12, 111-114. This case study is an example of how biofeedback can be used to enhance treatments which would usually be used, in this case exercise and postural reeducation by providing simple targets and practical proof to patients. As this is only a case study this may not be the case with all patients however.

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