查看脚和脚踝结构和功能的来源

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您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:==足弓== [[File:Arches_of_foot.jpg|右|无框|650x650px]]足弓提供吸收力的功能，支撑基础，并在步态推进过程中充当刚性杠杆。内侧纵弓、外侧纵弓和横向弓是影响足弓的三种弓。===内侧纵拱(MLA) ===它是所有拱门中最长和最高的。MLA的骨组成包括跟骨、距骨、舟骨、三个楔形骨和前三个跖骨。拱门由两根柱子组成:前柱和后柱。前柱由前三个跖骨头组成后柱由跟骨结节组成。足底腱膜形成连接两根柱子的支撑梁。MLA的顶端是距骨的上关节面。除了足底腱膜外，MLA还由[[弹簧韧带|弹簧韧带]]和三角韧带支撑。[[胫骨前肌|胫骨前肌]]和[[胫骨后肌|后肌]]肌肉在抬高足弓内侧缘方面起重要作用，而[[幻觉长屈肌]]起弓弦的作用。  
=== Lateral Longitudinal Arch (LLA) === It is the lowest arch and comprises of the calcaneus, cuboid, fourth & fifth metatarsal as its bony component. Like the Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA) the posterior pillar consists of the tuberosity of the calcaneus. The anterior pillar is formed by the metatarsal heads of 4th and 5th metatarsals. The plantar aponeurosis, long & short plantar ligaments provides support to the LLA. The [[Peroneus longus and brevis tests|Peroneus longus]] tendon plays an important role in maintaining the lateral border of the arch. === Transverse Arch === It is concave in non-weight bearing and runs medial to lateral in the midtarsal and tarsometatarsal area. The bony component of the arch consists of the metatarsal heads, cuboids and 3 cuneiform bones. The medial and lateral pillars of the arch is formed by the medial and lateral longitudinal arch respectively. The arch is maintained by the Posterior tibialis tendon and the Peroneus longus tendon which cross the plantar surface from medial to lateral and lateral to medial respectively.
=== '''Windlass Mechanism of the Foot''' === [[File:Windlass.jpg|right|frameless|300x300px]] The plantar aponeurosis acts similarly to a windlass mechanism. A [[Windlass Test|windlass]] is typically a horizontal cylinder that rotates with a crank or belt on a chain or rope to pull heavy objects. The common use of a windlass is in pulling the anchor of the ship known as an anchor windlass. This mechanism can be seen in the foot. When the MTP joints are hyperextended, the plantar aponeurosis becomes taut as it is wrapped around the MTP joints. This actions brings the metatarsal and tarsal bones together converting it into a rigid structure and eventually rising the longitudinal arches. This function is important in providing a rigid lever for gait propulsion during push off.

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