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您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:=====获得BASMI测量值指南 =====以下是临床医生如何以标准化方式获得BASMI五项测量值的指南。人们认识到，这代表了一个“理想”的场景，可能需要根据患者的个人姿势/情况进行调整。但是，建议仔细记录任何更改，以确保每次测量都是准确的。在所有的测量中，患者应该穿着舒适，并适当地脱掉衣服。{| class="wikitable" |+ |测量|起始位置|方法|注释|- |耳屏到墙壁|光脚站立;回到墙边;膝盖直顺;肩胛骨、臀部、脚跟贴壁;肩膀水平;脚的外边缘30厘米分开&脚平行。 Ensure the head in a neutral position (anatomical alignment) as possible. |Patient draws chin in as far as possible (retraction). The examiner has both eyes open and side of face against the wall and measures the distance between the tragus of the ear & the wall, using a rigid ruler |Ensure no cervical extension, rotation, flexion or side flexion occurs. Best to use a wall without a skirting board. Ensure retraction is maintained whilst both sides are measured. |- |Lumbar Side Flexion |Standing bare feet; back to the wall; knees straight; scapulae, buttocks, heels against the wall; shoulders level; outer edges of feet 30 cm apart & feet parallel. |Before any movement occurs, keeping arms, wrist & fingers straight and shoulders depressed measure from the tip of the middle finger to floor. With arms relaxed by the sides, the patient reaches towards the floor by side flexing and maintaining shoulder depression. Re-measure from the tip of the middle finger to the floor. The difference between the 2 measurements represents the amount of side flexion. Repeat on another side. |Ensure patient keeps arms, fingers & knees straight and heels on the floor. Ensure any forward flexion, extension or rotation of the trunk is avoided. Best to use a wall without a skirting board. May need to accommodate a leg length discrepancy with a block underfoot. (NB: Ensure all conditions are recorded for accurate measurements) |- |Lumbar Flexion (modified Schober’s) |Standing with outer edges of bare feet 30 cm apart and feet in line. Examiner marks a first point midway between the Dimples of Venus, a second point is marked 10 cm above this & a third 5 cm below the first to give a 15 cm line. |Patient flexes forward from the waist with knees fully extended. The distance between the upper and lower 2 marks is measured. Any increase beyond 15 cm represents the amount of movement achieved. |At the end of the movement, you may choose to allow slight knee flexion to decrease the influence of hamstrings. This should be documented. |- |Cervical Rotation |Patient supine on a plinth. Forehead horizontal & head in a neutral position. May need to use a pillow, books or foam block to achieve this. Carefully document to ensure the same set-up on future re-assessments. |Use goniometer/inclinometer as per manufacturer’s instructions. The patient rotates his/her head as far as possible, keeping shoulders still. Measure both sides. |Ensure no neck flexion/side flexion occurs. If the good range of movement may need to lie near the edge of the bed to allow movement to occur |- |Intermalleolar Distance |patient lies supine on the floor or a wide plinth. Knees in extension |Keeping knees straight & legs in contact with the resting surface, the patient is asked to take legs as far apart as possible. Distance between the medial malleoli is measured |Measure quickly as movement can be painful. Be ready to measure before asking the patient to achieve movement. |}

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