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您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:==类型==有400多种贫血。然而，本文将只关注7种类型[[文件:Blood test.jpg|右|无边框]]1。缺铁性贫血缺铁性贫血是最常见的贫血类型。约占确诊贫血病例的50%。可由铁摄入不足、铁吸收减少、铁需求增加或铁流失增加引起。血液检查如全血细胞计数(CBC)和血清铁蛋白水平对缺铁性贫血的诊断很有用。全血细胞计数可以帮助测定红细胞大小、红细胞压积(红细胞占血液体积的百分比)和血红蛋白。铁蛋白反映铁储量，是诊断缺铁性贫血最准确的测试。缺铁性贫血患者所有这些血液检查结果都会降低。缺铁性贫血用补铁治疗。 2. '''Thalassemia''' * Thalassemia is a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by the body making an abnormal form of hemoglobin. * Results in hemolysis, or the destruction of red blood cells. * More common in individuals of Mediterranean, African, and Asian descent. 3.'''Anemia in [[Older People - An Introduction|older persons]]''' * Mounting evidence that low hemoglobin levels are a significant marker of physiologic decline. * Prevalence increases with age (approx. 50% in chronically ill patients living in nursing homes). * Evidence that even mild anemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. * About one third of persons have anemia secondary to a nutritional deficiency, one third have anemia caused by chronic inflammation or chronic kidney disease, and one third have unexplained anemia. * [[Nutrition|Nutritional anemia]] is effectively treated with vitamin or iron replacement. Iron deficiency anemia often is caused by gastrointestinal bleeding and requires further investigation in most patients. * Anemia of chronic inflammation or chronic kidney disease may respond to treatment of the underlying disease and selective use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.GLANCE A. [https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0901/p480.html Anemia in Older Persons]. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Sep 1;82(5):480-7. 4. '''Aplastic Anaemia''' * Aplastic anaemia refers to a deficiency of all types of blood cells (red cells, white cells, and platelets) caused by [[Bone Marrow|bone marrow]] failure. * Rare and serious condition that can develop at any age and can be fatal. * Develops when a person’s bone marrow is injured eg from from radiation and/or chemotherapy treatments, exposure to toxic chemicals, certain medications (antibiotics), autoimmune disorders (lupus and rheumatoid arthritis), and certain viral infections (hepatitis, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and HIV). 5. '''Hemolytic Anaemia''' * Hemolytic anaaemia is a disease in which red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their lifespan is over. * Average lifespan of a red blood cell is 120-days. * Hemolytic anemia can be inherited or acquired. [[File:Sickle cell.jpg|right|frameless|320x320px]] 6. [[Sickle Cell Anemia|'''Sickle Cell Anemia''']] * Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder of red blood cells. * People with the disease have inherited two hemoglobin S genes, one from each parent. The condition is termed hemoglobin SS and leads to sickle cell anemia. * In this disease, red blood cells assume a crescent, or sickle shape. Under normal circumstances red blood cells are disc shaped. * The sickle shaped red blood cells can slow or block the flow of blood to body tissues and organs leading to attacks of sudden, severe pain (pain crises). 7. '''Pernicious Anaemia''' Pernicious anaemia is a decrease in red blood cells that occurs when the intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12. * The body needs vitamin B12 to make red blood cells. * The intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12 due to a deficiency of a special protein called intrinsic factor in the stomach. * The disease is more common in individuals of Celtic (English, Irish, or Scottish) or Scandinavian origin. In adults, symptoms of pernicious anemia are not seen until after age 30 and the average age at diagnosis is 60. * Can lead to irreversible nerve damage if treatment is not initiated within 6-months of developing symptoms.

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