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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
Faradic current is a short duration interrupted direct current with a pulse duration ranging from 0.1 to 1 ms with frequency of 50 to 100 Hz. Faradic current are surged to produce tetanic contraction and relaxation of muscle. treatment with faradic current usually called faradism.Purva Nanivadekar and Shivali Kar, [http://www.ijesrt.com/issues%20pdf%20file/Archive-2017/January-2017/30.pdf “Microcontroller based Rehabilitation Stimulator”, International Journal of Computer Applications] 2013
Faradic current is a short duration interrupted direct current with a pulse duration ranging from 0.1 to 1 ms with frequency of 50 to 100 Hz. Faradic current are surged to produce tetanic contraction and relaxation of muscle. treatment with faradic current usually called faradism.Purva Nanivadekar and Shivali Kar, [http://www.ijesrt.com/issues%20pdf%20file/Archive-2017/January-2017/30.pdf “Microcontroller based Rehabilitation Stimulator”, International Journal of Computer Applications] 2013
==Difference between farradic and galvanic current==


==Difference between farradic and galvanic current==
==== '''''Faradic current'''''====
'''''Faradic current''''' isa type of current with short durationinterrupted direct current withapulse durationof0.1-1MSwith a frequency 50-100Hz.This type ofcurrentis mainly used for partially or completelyinnervated musclewhich thenervestillintactwith muscle. As the innervatedmuscle needonly ashort durationto stimulate the intact nerve.Whenthe current is applied, itstimulates the intactnerveby changing the permeability of cell membraneandvaryingtheresting potentialofthe membrane.Whentheresting potentialisexceeds the threshold level it will become excited, and the muscle supplied by the nerve will contract. The sensory stimulation of nerve will also be produced accompaniedbythemotor stimulation. The sensory stimulation resulting in the feeling of prickling sensation.There are few waveform types of faradic current which is also referred as pulse duration, for example, trapezoidal surging, triangular surging and saw tooth. Trapezoidal surging and triangular surging happen when the impulse increase and decrease gradually, so these two typeofcurrent is suitable for mild and moderate injury. While for saw tooth type to happen whentheimpulses increase gradually but suddenly fall and it is usually used for severe injury.Treatment is called farradism.
is interrupted direct currenthas frequency 50:100Hzwith pulse durationfrom0.1-1MS.thiscurrentcan make contraction and relaxation ininnervated muscle这意味着肌肉nerve intactand not used for denervatedmusclewhichneedtoshortpulseduration.Whenapplying faradic stimulation,itstimulate sensorynerve and thepatient feel pricking sensation because short durationofpulse. thestimulated nerveisaccompainedby motor stimulationmake contractionof themuscle.


'''''Galvanic current''''' is an interrupted direct current with a long duration of more than 1 MS with a frequency of 30 pulses per minutes and is commonly used for denervated muscle either it is partially or completely denervated. The denervated muscle will not respond to a duration which is less than 1MS as the injured nerve needs time to respond and send impulses to the brain. When the current is applied, the nerve of the muscle close to the denervated muscle is contracted. The sensory stimulation of nerve will also be produced accompanied by the motor stimulation. The sensory stimulation resultinginthe feeling of burning sensation.There are fewtype ofpulse shape, rectangular, triangle, trapezoidal and saw tooth. The rectangular type isthecurrent turn onandoff intensity abruptly; triangular type is it slow rise and slow fall of intensity; trapezoidal type is it raise slowly, plateau’s and then falls slowly. Saw tooth is the gradual rise of current and abruptly falls.Treatment is called Galvanism.Mangala B. Satardekar and Deepak V. Bhoir “ANALYSIS AND ENHANCEMENT IN THE PERFORMANCE OFELECTRICAL MUSCLE STIMULATOR.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6 (n.d.)
====='''Types of Faradic waveform'''=====
Trapezoidal surging:inthistype ofwavetheimpulse increase graduallyanddecrease gradually used in mild to moderate injury.


==Physiological Effect==
Triangular surging: this type as trapezoidal surging.
The physiological effects of faradic current and galvaniccurrentis almost the same, such as stimulation of sensory nervesandmotor nerves.Bothof thecurrent will causes a reflex vasodilationofthe cutaneous blood vessels, so there will be a slightly rednessof theskin or erythema.Next,stimulation of motor nerves. Faradic current stimulates the motor nerves and causesthe musclesupplied by the nervetocontract. Thecontraction is called as tetanic contraction. If this contraction is maintained for a long period, it may cause the肌肉become fatigued.So, to prevent this to happen,the currentis surge to allow relaxation of muscle.So that, the muscle will contract gradually increaseanddecrease in the strength of muscle, which is similar to the voluntary muscle contraction.For galvanic current,it will stimulate the muscle to produce muscle twitch followed by immediate relaxation due to the repeated stimuli.
Saw tooth surging : in this type of wave the impulse increase gradually but sudden fall used in sever injury.Mangala B. Satardekar and Deepak V. Bhoir “ANALYSIS AND ENHANCEMENT IN THE PERFORMANCE OFELECTRICAL MUSCLE STIMULATOR.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6 (n.d.)
==== '''Galvanic current'''====
is interrupted directcurrenthas frequency 30 Hz with pulse duration 1Msandmore.This typeofcurrent used for muscle not havethenerve becauseofinjuryof thenerve.当美联社plying galvanic,thedenervatedmusclerespondtothis stimulus because long pulse duration.Thedenervatedmusclenot respondtofaradic because pulse duration is short.The patient with faradic feel of burning sensation
===== '''Types of galvanic waveform''' =====
Rectangular surging:the currentturn on and off intensity abruptly.
Trapezoidal surging: it slow riseandslow fall.
Triangular surging: it raise slowly,plateau’s and then falls slowly.


The electrical stimulation causedthemuscle contraction which can help in increasing the metabolism and the removalof废物的产品。收缩和放松of the muscle exerts a pumping action on the blood vesselsandincreased the metabolism by pumping more blood supply and nutrients to muscle thus increase demand of oxygen and nutrients to muscle. Other than that, the pumping action will also occur on veins and lymphatic vessels within the muscle and around it, thus increase the removal of waste products. Then, the chemical effect of faradic current. Chemicals effects produced at the electrodes due to passing the direct current through electrolyte, which is introduce medicine into body through electricity, such as iontophoresis. But it do not allow considerable amount of collection of chemicals under the electrode. We have to examined the skin after every stimulation to rule out any chemical burn or erythema.
Saw tooth surging:thegradual riseofcurrentandabruptly falls.


Then is the therapeutic effect of faradic current.First of all, is facilitation of muscle contraction. Electrical stimulation will help muscle to contract voluntary when the muscle contraction is inhibit by pain or recent injury. For example, rheumatoid arthritis, post fracture immobilization, etc. Next, is re-educate of muscle action. Muscle unable to contract may because of the prolonged disuse of the particular muscle. Faradic current can help to produce muscle contraction and enhance the sense of movement. When we observe a movement our brain will appreciate the movementandnot muscle action.So, to enhance the rehabilitation of the patient, the patient should practice the movement actively along with observation which would improve the movement pattern effectively.Also, after the tendon transplantation or any other reconstructive procedures a muscle may need to perform the action that is different from it’s previous action.但肌肉将无法知道是什么ction of the previous muscle. So, patient need to observe the new action and try do it actively along with the electrical stimulation. Then, it can help to improved venous and lymphatic drainage as electrical stimulation can produce pumping action which can increase the venous and lymphatic return. It can be more effective when applying under the pressure. It is good in reduced edema. Lastly, it can help in prevention and loosening of adhesion. The formation of adhesion can be stretched and loosen by muscle contraction, for example, the scar tissue binding to muscle and tendons.
Mangala B.SatardekarandDeepak V.Bhoir “ANALYSIS AND ENHANCEMENT IN THE PERFORMANCE OFELECTRICAL MUSCLE STIMULATOR.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6 (n.d.)


Next is the therapeuticeffect of galvaniccurrent. The electrical stimulation can help in minimizetheextent ofmuscleatrophy thrutheperiod whilethenerve is degenerating.Actually, electrical stimulation has no effect ontherate of nerve regeneration ormusclereinnervation.It is just provided a platform forthedegenerative nerve.But if the reinnervation does not occur within 2 years, it means that the contractile elementof musclemay have already replaced by the fibrous connective tissue and recoveryofthemuscleis not possible.In addition, Galvanic currentcanalso limit the edema and venous stasis and resultindelayingthe musclefiber fibrosis and degeneration by pumping action.
== Physiological Effect ==
* The physiologicaleffect offarradic andgalvanicalmostlythesame except faradic for innervated muscle and galvanic for denervatedmuscle.
* Both current increase blood flow tothearea treated that makethearea slight redness due to vasodilatation.Also both current make contractionthe musclesimilar to voluntary muscle contraction.To prevent fatigue the faradic allowthe肌肉relax after contraction.
* The faradic and galvanic current increase metabolism and remove waste product and bring more blood supply and nutrients to muscle thus increase demandofoxygen and nutrients tomuscle.
* Electrical stimulation will re-educateof muscleaction.
* The electrical stimulationcanhelpinminimizetheextent ofmuscleatrophy


== Indication ==
== Indication ==

Revision as of 21:06, 26 March 2020

Original Editor-Abdallah Ahmed Mohamed

Top Contributors-Abdallah Ahmed Mohamed,Kim JacksonandAminat Abolade

Introduction[edit|edit source]

Faradic current is a short duration interrupted direct current with a pulse duration ranging from 0.1 to 1 ms with frequency of 50 to 100 Hz. Faradic current are surged to produce tetanic contraction and relaxation of muscle. treatment with faradic current usually called faradism.[1]

Difference between farradic and galvanic current[edit|edit source]

Faradic current[edit|edit source]

is interrupted direct current has frequency 50:100Hz with pulse duration from 0.1-1MS. this current can make contraction and relaxation in innervated muscle that mean muscle has nerve intact and not used for denervated muscle which need to short pulse duration.When applying faradic stimulation,it stimulate sensory nerve and the patient feel pricking sensation because short duration of pulse. the stimulated nerve is accompained by motor stimulation make contraction of the muscle.

Types of Faradic waveform[edit|edit source]

Trapezoidal surging: in this type of wave the impulse increase gradually and decrease gradually used in mild to moderate injury.

Triangular surging: this type as trapezoidal surging.

Saw tooth surging : in this type of wave the impulse increase gradually but sudden fall used in sever injury.[2]

Galvanic current[edit|edit source]

is interrupted direct current has frequency 30 Hz with pulse duration 1Ms and more.This type of current used for muscle not have the nerve because of injury of the nerve.When applying galvanic,the denervated muscle respond to this stimulus because long pulse duration.The denervated muscle not respond to faradic because pulse duration is short.The patient with faradic feel of burning sensation

Types of galvanic waveform[edit|edit source]

Rectangular surging: the current turn on and off intensity abruptly.

Trapezoidal surging: it slow rise and slow fall.

Triangular surging: it raise slowly, plateau’s and then falls slowly.

Saw tooth surging: the gradual rise of current and abruptly falls.[2]

[3]

Physiological Effect[edit|edit source]

  • The physiological effect of farradic and galvanic almostly the same except faradic for innervated muscle and galvanic for denervated muscle.
  • Both current increase blood flow to the area treated that make the area slight redness due to vasodilatation. Also both current make contraction the muscle similar to voluntary muscle contraction. To prevent fatigue the faradic allow the muscle to relax after contraction.
  • The faradic and galvanic current increase metabolism and remove waste product and bring more blood supply and nutrients to muscle thus increase demand of oxygen and nutrients to muscle.
  • Electrical stimulation will re-educate of muscle action.
  • The electrical stimulation can help in minimize the extent of muscle atrophy

Indication[edit|edit source]

  1. facilitation of muscle contraction when inhibited by Pain
  2. Muscle re-education:muscle contraction is needed to restore the sense of movement.In cases of flat foot or in muscle transplantation.the brain appreciate movement not muscle actions so crrent should be applied to restore normal movement.
  3. training of new muscle action
  4. Improved venous and lymphatic drainage as edema and gravitational ulcer by pumping action of muscle contraction and relaxation.
  5. Prevention and loosening of adhesion
  6. Painful knee syndrome.

Contraindication[edit|edit source]

  1. certain dermatological condition as psoriasis,tin ea and eczema.
  2. Infection
  3. Inflammation
  4. Thrombosis
  5. Loss of sensation
  6. Cancer
  7. Cardiac pacemakers

Practical Guidelines[edit|edit source]

  • The patient is positioned so that the part to be treated is comfortably supported with the muscles to be stimulated in a shortened position although this may be modified with movement produced e.g,slight knee flexion allowing quadriceps stimulation to cause extension.
  • The skin surface must be examined for any cuts or abrasions, treatment area should be washed to remove sebum and epithelial cells using hot water to lower resistance.
  • Size of active electrode is chosen to considering size of treatment area.
  • The electrode should be smaller than the pad to prevent the edge of the electrode being bent down on the skin.
  • the pads should be soaked in warm tap water,saline or sodium bicarbonate solution before applied to the skin.
  • Fixation is achieved with rubber strap or by body weight.
  • explain to the patient sensation.
  • when muscle is to be stimulated the active electrode is placed over motor point and small current is applied.The current may need to be increased and then decreased as the motor point found and good contraction obtain with less currnt.
  • when muscle group is to be stimulated the active electrode placed at end of muscle group so current spread through the whole group.

[4]

[5]

References[edit|edit source]

  1. ↑Purva Nanivadekar and Shivali Kar,“Microcontroller based Rehabilitation Stimulator”, International Journal of Computer Applications2013
  2. ↑2.02.1Mangala Satardekar和迪帕克诉ANALYSI Bhoir”S AND ENHANCEMENT IN THE PERFORMANCE OFELECTRICAL MUSCLE STIMULATOR.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6 (n.d.)
  3. ↑Mangala Satardekar和迪帕克诉ANALYSI Bhoir”S AND ENHANCEMENT IN THE PERFORMANCE OFELECTRICAL MUSCLE STIMULATOR.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6 (n.d.)
  4. ↑https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMBA2Pc-Dzc&feature=emb_logo
  5. ↑https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhu_WbjkTI0&feature=emb_logo
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