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== Definitions and Concepts ==
== Definitions and Concepts ==
Below is a list of definitions and concepts within the context of human trafficking. Please refer to this list as needed throughout the Rehabilitation's Role in Human Trafficking Intervention course.SourceUS Department of Health and Human Services. Fact Sheet: Human Trafficking. Available from: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/otip/fact-sheet/resource/fshumantrafficking (accessed 22/April/2023).
Below is a list of definitions and concepts within the context of human trafficking. Please refer to this list as needed throughout the Rehabilitation's Role in Human Trafficking Intervention course.


*'''Coercion''' is a means of control. It is the act of persuading another person into action by means of threats or force. In context of human trafficking this can include: threats of serious bodily harm, physical restraint, psychological or emotional manipulation, and document confiscation.
*'''Coercion''' is a means of control. It is the act of persuading another person into action by means of threats or force. In context of human trafficking this can include: threats of serious bodily harm, physical restraint, psychological or emotional manipulation, and document confiscation.US Department of Health and Human Services. Fact Sheet: Human Trafficking. Available from: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/otip/fact-sheet/resource/fshumantrafficking (accessed 22/April/2023).
* '''Commercial Sex Act''' refers to any sexual act or conduct, or sexually explicit performance promised to/given to/or received by any person in exchange for anything of value.
* '''Commercial Sex Act''' refers to any sexual act or conduct, or sexually explicit performance promised to/given to/or received by any person in exchange for anything of value.Law Insider. ''Commercial sex act'' definition. Available from: https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/commercial-sex-act (accessed 22/April/2023).
* '''Debt Bondage'''includesa pledge of services bythedebtor orsomeoneunderdebtor’scontrol to偿还所知or unknown charges(e.g.fees for transportation, boarding,food, andother incidentals; interest,fines for missingquotas, and chargesfor“bad behavior).The length and nature of thoseservices are notrespectively limited anddefined,where an individual istrapped in a cycle of debtthat he or she can neverpay down.
* '''Debt Bondage'''(also known as debt slavery, bonded labour, or peonage) isa pledge of services byadebtor(ora personunderthe debtor'scontrol)torepay knowor unknownamount of debt. Examples of thesechargescan include:fees for transportation,food andboarding,interest on a loan, and fines for missinga quota. Often the termsfordebt repayment are not clear which gives the lender control over the debtor.When theservicesfor debt repaymentare notclearlydefined,the debtor can becometrapped in a cycle of debtthey cannotpay downand are obligated to provided services indefinitely.Wikipedia. Debt Bondage. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_bondage (accessed 23/April/2023).
* '''Force'''includes physical restraint,physical harm,sexual assault, and beatings.监控and confinement is often usedto control victims, especiallyduring early stages of victimization tobreak downthevictim’sresistance.
* '''Force''',in the context of human trafficking,is a means of control over victims.The use of monitoringand/orconfinement is often used duringtheearly stages of victimization toerodethevictim'sresistance.Physical forms of force used in human trafficking can include: physical restraint, and physical and sexual assault. This is related to'''harboring'''of a victim which involves isolation,confinement,and monitoring.
*'''Fraud'''includes false promises regarding employment,wages,working conditions, love, marriage, or better life. Over time, there may be unexpected changes in work conditions, compensation or debt agreements, or nature of relationship.
* '''Fraud''',in the context of human trafficking, involves the false representation or promise of employment, wage, debt agreement, working condition,and relationship status including marriage.
*'''Harboring'''includes isolation,confinement,monitoring
* '''Involuntary Servitude'''(also known as involuntary slavery) refersto a personbeing coerced into a form of labour against their willto thebenefit ofanother person.Wikipedia. Involuntary Servitude. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involuntary_servitude (accessed 23/April/2023).
* '''Involuntary Servitude'''is any scheme, plan, or pattern intendedtocausea person tobelieve that, iftheperson did not enter into or continue in such condition, that person oranother personwould suffer serious harm or physical restraint; or the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process.
* '''Obtaining''', in the context of human trafficking, is the forcedtakingor exchange ofsomething togaincontrolover another person.
* '''Obtaining'''包括强行taking, exchangingsomethingfor abilityto control
* '''Patronizing''', in the contextof sex trafficking,isreceivingasexual actorsexually explicit performance.
* '''Patronizing'''includes receiving somethingofvalue (only forsex trafficking)
* '''Recruiting'''is theproactive targeting of vulnerability and grooming behaviors
* '''Peonage'''is astatusorcondition of involuntary servitude based on real or alleged indebtedness
* '''Providing''' includes giving to another individual
* '''Recruiting'''includesproactive targeting of vulnerability and grooming behaviors
* '''Slavery''' is the state of being under the ownership or control of someone where a person is forced to work for another.
* '''Slavery''' is the state of being under the ownership or control of someone where a person is forced to work for another.
* '''Soliciting''' includes offering something of value (only for sex trafficking)
* '''Soliciting''' includes offering something of value (only for sex trafficking)
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== Resources ==
== Resources ==
*bulleted list
*https://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/First-Aid-Kit/First_Aid_Kit_-_Booklet_eng.pdf
*x
or
#numbered list
#x
== References ==
== References ==


Revision as of 18:20, 23 April 2023

This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (23/04/2023)

Original Editor-User Name

Top Contributors-Stacy Schiurring,Tarina van der Stockt,杰斯贝尔andKim Jackson

This page contains information about Human Trafficking, including sexual assault and abuse. There are links to videos which include survivor's first hand account of their experiences.

Introduction[edit|edit source]

"Human Traffickingis the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people through force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit. Men, women and children of all ages and from all backgrounds can become victims of this crime, which occurs in every region of the world." -United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime[1]

The United States Department of States describes "trafficking in persons" "human trafficking" and "modern slavery" as interchangeable terms.[2]


Information about healthcare being first line of recognition.

Definitions and Concepts[edit|edit source]

Below is a list of definitions and concepts within the context of human trafficking. Please refer to this list as needed throughout the Rehabilitation's Role in Human Trafficking Intervention course.

  • Coercionis a means of control. It is the act of persuading another person into action by means of threats or force. In context of human trafficking this can include: threats of serious bodily harm, physical restraint, psychological or emotional manipulation, and document confiscation.[3]
  • Commercial Sex Actrefers to any sexual act or conduct, or sexually explicit performance promised to/given to/or received by any person in exchange for anything of value.[3][4]
  • Debt Bondage(also known as debt slavery, bonded labour, or peonage) is a pledge of services by a debtor (or a person under the debtor's control) to repay know or unknown amount of debt. Examples of these charges can include: fees for transportation, food and boarding, interest on a loan, and fines for missing a quota. Often the terms for debt repayment are not clear which gives the lender control over the debtor. When the services for debt repayment are not clearly defined, the debtor can become trapped in a cycle of debt they cannot pay down and are obligated to provided services indefinitely.[3][5]
  • Force, in the context of human trafficking, is a means of control over victims. The use of monitoring and/or confinement is often used during the early stages of victimization to erode the victim's resistance. Physical forms of force used in human trafficking can include: physical restraint, and physical and sexual assault. This is related toharboringof a victim which involves isolation, confinement, and monitoring.[3]
  • Fraud, in the context of human trafficking, involves the false representation or promise of employment, wage, debt agreement, working condition, and relationship status including marriage.[3]
  • Involuntary Servitude(also known as involuntary slavery) refers to a person being coerced into a form of labour against their will to the benefit of another person.[3][6]
  • Obtaining, in the context of human trafficking, is the forced taking or exchange of something to gain control over another person.[3]
  • Patronizing, in the context of sex trafficking, is receiving a sexual act or sexually explicit performance.[3]
  • Recruitingis the proactive targeting of vulnerability and grooming behaviors
  • Slaveryis the state of being under the ownership or control of someone where a person is forced to work for another.
  • Solicitingincludes offering something of value (only for sex trafficking)
  • Transportingincludes movement and arranging travel


Human Trafficking versus Human Smuggling

Human Trafficking Human Smuggling
Victims are forced, defrauded, or coerced into trafficking. Even if victims initially offer consent, that consent is rendered meaningless by the actions of the traffickers to exploit them for labor, services, or commercial sex. Individuals consent to being smuggled. The transaction is mutual and ends upon arrival at desired destination.
Human trafficking is a crime committed against an individual. Smuggling is a crime committed against a country.
Trafficking does not need to involve the physical movement of a person. Trafficking victimization can be transnational or domestic. Smuggling involves the illegal transport of an individual across a national border. Smuggling is always transnational.

Consensual commercial sex (vs human trafficking)

Types of Trafficking, Dynamics, and Vulnerability Factors[edit|edit source]

  • Human trafficking (include all major forms including labour and sex)
    • Trafficking does not require crossing internations or state borders
    • Limitations of data on human trafficking
    • Victim: vulnerabilities to trafficking
    • Trafficker: present a variety of trafficker profiles and their recruitment techniques
  • Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), as amended(22 U.S.C. §7102).

Health Impact[edit|edit source]

  • Acute injuries: physical, psychological, emotional
  • Chronic medical problems/issues/concerns
  • Mental health issues
  • Reproductive/sexual health concerns
  • Impact on QoL, autonomy and independence

Identification and Assessment[edit|edit source]

  • Where are you most likely to interact with a trafficked person?
    • Clinical settings in which trafficked persons may be encountered.
    • 申请康复professionals
  • Identifying a trafficked person
    • the potential indicators of trafficking in persons
    • provider challenges to identification and response
    • challenges/opportunities when interfacing with trafficked persons
  • Interacting with a trafficked person
    • Patient-centered
    • the role of trauma-informed care in trust-building and Communication.
    • provides samples of appropriate language to assist with identification.
    • the importance of the use of professional interpreters
    • 提供战略,拥有私人的谈话with potential trafficked persons.
    • Survivor barriers to disclosure
  • Safety concerns
    • measures to keep oneself and patients safe.
    • describes the importance of appropriate documentation

Response and Follow Up[edit|edit source]

Intervention

  • describes the importance of the healthcare provider role in intervention and response.
  • includes a discussion of the importance of organizational Protocols.
  • includes a discussion of mandated reporter obligations

Referrals

  • describes the importance of survivor-centered, multidisciplinary referrals within the health care organization and with community partners.
  • includes a discussion on the importance of building a trusted local network of resources
  • includes a discussion of the implications of law enforcement involvement.

Resources

  • provides information on how to contact your community, local, and/or state resources.
  • National Human Trafficking Hotline number and text number along with any local hotlines.

Resources[edit|edit source]

References[edit|edit source]

  1. ↑United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. Human Trafficking. Available from:https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-Trafficking/Human-Trafficking.html(accessed 22/April/2023).
  2. ↑US. Department of Health. Understanding Human Trafficking. Available from:https://www.state.gov/what-is-trafficking-in-persons/(accessed 22/April/2023).
  3. ↑3.03.13.23.33.43.53.63.7US Department of Health and Human Services. Fact Sheet: Human Trafficking. Available from:https://www.acf.hhs.gov/otip/fact-sheet/resource/fshumantrafficking(accessed 22/April/2023).
  4. ↑Law Insider.Commercial sex actdefinition. Available from:https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/commercial-sex-act(accessed 22/April/2023).
  5. ↑Wikipedia. Debt Bondage. Available from:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_bondage(accessed 23/April/2023).
  6. ↑Wikipedia. Involuntary Servitude. Available from:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involuntary_servitude(accessed 23/April/2023).
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