Human Trafficking Awareness for Rehabilitation Professionals: Difference between revisions

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* '''Force''', in the context of human trafficking, is a means of control over victims. The use of monitoring and/or confinement is often used during the early stages of victimization to erode the victim's resistance. Physical forms of force used in human trafficking can include: physical restraint, and physical and sexual assault. This is related to '''harboring''' of a victim which involves isolation, confinement, and monitoring.
* '''Force''', in the context of human trafficking, is a means of control over victims. The use of monitoring and/or confinement is often used during the early stages of victimization to erode the victim's resistance. Physical forms of force used in human trafficking can include: physical restraint, and physical and sexual assault. This is related to '''harboring''' of a victim which involves isolation, confinement, and monitoring.
* '''Fraud''', in the context of human trafficking, involves the false representation or promise of employment, wage, debt agreement, working condition, and relationship status including marriage.
* '''Fraud''', in the context of human trafficking, involves the false representation or promise of employment, wage, debt agreement, working condition, and relationship status including marriage.
* '''Human Smuggling'''
* '''Human Smuggling'''是费用或服务获得透明的交流吗ortation or fraudulent documentation to illegally cross a border into a foreign country.The Polaris Project. Trafficking vs. Smuggling: Understanding the Difference. Available from: https://polarisproject.org/blog/2021/05/trafficking-vs-smuggling-understanding-the-difference/ (accessed 23/April/2023).
* '''Involuntary Servitude''' (also known as involuntary slavery) refers to a person being coerced into a form of labour against their will to the benefit of another person.Wikipedia. Involuntary Servitude. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involuntary_servitude (accessed 23/April/2023).
* '''Involuntary Servitude''' (also known as involuntary slavery) refers to a person being coerced into a form of labour against their will to the benefit of another person.Wikipedia. Involuntary Servitude. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involuntary_servitude (accessed 23/April/2023).
* '''Obtaining''', in the context of human trafficking, is the forced taking or exchange of something to gain control over another person.
* '''Obtaining''', in the context of human trafficking, is the forced taking or exchange of something to gain control over another person.
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|Smuggling is transnational by definition
|Smuggling is transnational by definition
|}
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Humansmugglingisthe business of transporting people illegally across an international border,in this case into the United States.Smuggling doesnotinvolve coercion. The people the smugglers bring from one place to another place – illegally – generallyhavechosentomake the trip themselves foranynumber of reasons.Some are fleeing violenceorpoverty.Most,and are in fact, paying someone to help them makethejourney.
'''Humantrafficking'''isinvoluntary. The victims are trafficked by force, fraud,and/or coercion to provide labour or services against their will.Human trafficking victims donot have tobe moved, relocated, or transported inanyway. It can occur in the victim's own townorhome.In the United States,any person undertheage of 18 who is a victim of sex for profit is automatically considered a trafficking victim.


Humantrafficking, by contrast,isinvoluntary andisintegraltoits very definition. Traffickers use force, fraudorcoerciontoget someone to sell sex or work in exploitative conditions.Trafficking – unlikesmuggling–does notnecessarilyinvolvemovement or transportation at all. A person can be trafficked in their very own home. Additionally, anyone under the age of 18 who is involved in sex for profit is considered a trafficking victim, regardless of the presence of force,fraudorcoercion.
'''Humansmuggling'''isvoluntary. Itisthe exchange of fees or servicestogain transportationorfraudulent documentationtoillegally cross a border into a foreign country.Humansmuggling does not involvecoercion,大多数人寻求这些服务ices are fleeing violenceorpoverty.


Consensual commercial sex(vs humantrafficking)
'''ADD VIDEO?'''
====Consensual commercial sexversus sextrafficking====


== Types of Trafficking, Dynamics, and Vulnerability Factors ==
== Types of Trafficking, Dynamics, and Vulnerability Factors ==

Revision as of 19:16, 23 April 2023

This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (23/04/2023)

Original Editor-User Name

Top Contributors-Stacy Schiurring,Tarina van der Stockt,杰斯贝尔andKim Jackson

This page contains information about Human Trafficking, including sexual assault and abuse. There are links to videos which include survivor's first hand account of their experiences.

Introduction[edit|edit source]

"Human Traffickingis the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people through force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit. Men, women and children of all ages and from all backgrounds can become victims of this crime, which occurs in every region of the world." -United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime[1]

The United States Department of States describes "trafficking in persons" "human trafficking" and "modern slavery" as interchangeable terms.[2]


Information about healthcare being first line of recognition.

Definitions and Concepts[edit|edit source]

Below is a list of definitions and concepts within the context of human trafficking. Please refer to this list as needed throughout the Rehabilitation's Role in Human Trafficking Intervention course.

  • Coercionis a means of control. It is the act of persuading another person into action by means of threats or force. In context of human trafficking this can include: threats of serious bodily harm, physical restraint, psychological or emotional manipulation, and document confiscation.[3]
  • Commercial Sex Actrefers to any sexual act or conduct, or sexually explicit performance promised to/given to/or received by any person in exchange for anything of value.[3][4]
  • Debt Bondage(also known as debt slavery, bonded labour, or peonage) is a pledge of services by a debtor (or a person under the debtor's control) to repay know or unknown amount of debt. Examples of these charges can include: fees for transportation, food and boarding, interest on a loan, and fines for missing a quota. Often the terms for debt repayment are not clear which gives the lender control over the debtor. When the services for debt repayment are not clearly defined, the debtor can become trapped in a cycle of debt they cannot pay down and are obligated to provided services indefinitely.[3][5]
  • Force, in the context of human trafficking, is a means of control over victims. The use of monitoring and/or confinement is often used during the early stages of victimization to erode the victim's resistance. Physical forms of force used in human trafficking can include: physical restraint, and physical and sexual assault. This is related toharboringof a victim which involves isolation, confinement, and monitoring.[3]
  • Fraud, in the context of human trafficking, involves the false representation or promise of employment, wage, debt agreement, working condition, and relationship status including marriage.[3]
  • 偷渡是费用或服务获得透明的交流吗ortation or fraudulent documentation to illegally cross a border into a foreign country.[6]
  • Involuntary Servitude(也称为自愿奴役)指的是体育rson being coerced into a form of labour against their will to the benefit of another person.[3][7]
  • Obtaining, in the context of human trafficking, is the forced taking or exchange of something to gain control over another person.[3]
  • Patronizing, in the context of sex trafficking, is receiving a sexual act or sexually explicit performance.[3]
  • Recruitingis the proactive targeting of vulnerable persons and the grooming of wanted behaviours by means of fraud and coercion by human traffickers.[3]
  • Slavery, in the context of human trafficking, is when a controlled person is forced to provide labour and/or services against their will.[3]
  • Soliciting, in the context of sex trafficking, involves the offering a sexual act or sexually explicit performance.[3]
  • Transportingincludes the movement and arrangement of travel for persons being trafficked.[3]

Human Trafficking versus Human Smuggling[edit|edit source]

Information in the above table is adapted from the Human Trafficking Fact Sheet created by the US Department of Health and Human Services Office on Trafficking in Person.[3]
Human Trafficking 偷渡
Consent
  • Victims are forced, defrauded, or coerced into trafficking
  • If consent was initially offered it is rendered null by exploiting labour, services, or commercial sex
  • Individuals give consent to being illegally smuggled and involved a transaction of some sort
  • The transaction is mutual and ends at the arrival at the agreed-upon destination
Victim of the crime committed against an individual committed against a country
Domestic or Transitional Victimization can be transnational or domestic Smuggling is transnational by definition

Human traffickingis involuntary. The victims are trafficked by force, fraud, and/or coercion to provide labour or services against their will. Human trafficking victims do not have to be moved, relocated, or transported in any way.[3][6]It can occur in the victim's own town or home. In the United States, any person under the age of 18 who is a victim of sex for profit is automatically considered a trafficking victim.[6]

Human smugglingis voluntary. It is the exchange of fees or services to gain transportation or fraudulent documentation to illegally cross a border into a foreign country. Human smuggling does not involve coercion, most people seeking out these services are fleeing violence or poverty.[6]

ADD VIDEO?

Consensual commercial sex versus sex trafficking[edit|edit source]

Types of Trafficking, Dynamics, and Vulnerability Factors[edit|edit source]

  • Human trafficking (include all major forms including labour and sex)
    • Trafficking does not require crossing internations or state borders
    • Limitations of data on human trafficking
    • Victim: vulnerabilities to trafficking
    • Trafficker: present a variety of trafficker profiles and their recruitment techniques
  • Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), as amended(22 U.S.C. §7102).

Health Impact[edit|edit source]

  • Acute injuries: physical, psychological, emotional
  • Chronic medical problems/issues/concerns
  • Mental health issues
  • Reproductive/sexual health concerns
  • Impact on QoL, autonomy and independence

Identification and Assessment[edit|edit source]

  • Where are you most likely to interact with a trafficked person?
    • Clinical settings in which trafficked persons may be encountered.
    • 申请康复professionals
  • Identifying a trafficked person
    • the potential indicators of trafficking in persons
    • provider challenges to identification and response
    • challenges/opportunities when interfacing with trafficked persons
  • Interacting with a trafficked person
    • Patient-centered
    • the role of trauma-informed care in trust-building and Communication.
    • provides samples of appropriate language to assist with identification.
    • the importance of the use of professional interpreters
    • provides strategies to have private conversations with potential trafficked persons.
    • Survivor barriers to disclosure
  • Safety concerns
    • measures to keep oneself and patients safe.
    • describes the importance of appropriate documentation

Response and Follow Up[edit|edit source]

Intervention

  • describes the importance of the healthcare provider role in intervention and response.
  • includes a discussion of the importance of organizational Protocols.
  • includes a discussion of mandated reporter obligations

Referrals

  • describes the importance of survivor-centered, multidisciplinary referrals within the health care organization and with community partners.
  • includes a discussion on the importance of building a trusted local network of resources
  • includes a discussion of the implications of law enforcement involvement.

Resources

  • provides information on how to contact your community, local, and/or state resources.
  • National Human Trafficking Hotline number and text number along with any local hotlines.

Resources[edit|edit source]

References[edit|edit source]

  1. ↑United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. Human Trafficking. Available from:https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-Trafficking/Human-Trafficking.html(accessed 22/April/2023).
  2. ↑US. Department of Health. Understanding Human Trafficking. Available from:https://www.state.gov/what-is-trafficking-in-persons/(accessed 22/April/2023).
  3. ↑3.003.013.023.033.043.053.063.073.083.093.103.113.123.13US Department of Health and Human Services. Fact Sheet: Human Trafficking. Available from:https://www.acf.hhs.gov/otip/fact-sheet/resource/fshumantrafficking(accessed 22/April/2023).
  4. ↑Law Insider.Commercial sex actdefinition. Available from:https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/commercial-sex-act(accessed 22/April/2023).
  5. ↑Wikipedia. Debt Bondage. Available from:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_bondage(accessed 23/April/2023).
  6. ↑6.06.16.26.3The Polaris Project. Trafficking vs. Smuggling: Understanding the Difference. Available from:https://polarisproject.org/blog/2021/05/trafficking-vs-smuggling-understanding-the-difference/(accessed 23/April/2023).
  7. ↑Wikipedia. Involuntary Servitude. Available from:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involuntary_servitude(accessed 23/April/2023).
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