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您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:随着危重病人生存率的提高，ICU谵妄已成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。谵妄被定义为意识的快速变化(数小时至数天)，其特征是环境意识下降，注意力下降和认知改变。这些临床特征可以表现为记忆缺陷、定向障碍、幻觉、警觉性水平波动和运动异常。美国精神病学。精神障碍诊断与统计手册。第五版。华盛顿:美国精神病学协会;2013[文件:clinicians_in_intensive_care_unit_jpg |thumb|512x512px|来源:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clinicians_in_Intensive_Care_Unit.jpg Wikimedia Commons]，作者:Calleamanecer，许可:Creative Commons [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported]|alt=|none]]根据Ely et alEly EW, Inouye SK, Bernard GR, Gordon S, Francis J, May L，等。机械通气患者谵妄:重症监护病房(CAM-ICU)神志不清评估方法的效度和可靠性。《美国医学协会杂志》上。2001;[[通气与脱机|机械通气]]重症监护病房患者谵妄发生率高达83%。 This figure is significant as ICU delirium is associated with negative patient and healthcare outcomes. These outcomes include: * increased time on mechanical ventilation,Salluh J, Wang H, Schneider EB, Nagaraja N, Yenokyan G, Damluji A, et al. Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2015; 350: h2538 * increased likelihood of being discharged to a long-term care facilityYoung J, Murthy L, Westby M, Akunne A, O’Mahony R. Diagnosis, prevention, and management of delirium: summary of NICE guidance. Bmj. 2010;341:c3704. * longer ICU and hospital length of stay, Ely EW, Gautam S, Margolin R, Francis J, May L, Speroff T, et al. The impact of delirium in the Intensive care unit on hospital length of stay. Intensive Care Med. 2001; 27:1892-1900Thomason JW, Shintani A, Peterson JF, Pun BT, Jackson JC, Ely EW. Intensive care unit delirium is an independent predictor of longer hospital stay: a prospective analysis of 261 non-ventilated patients. Crit Care 2005; 9(4): R375–R381 * elevated health care costs,Milbrandt EB, Deppen S, Harrison PL, Shintani AK, Speroff T, Stiles RA, et al. Costs Associated with Delirium in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 32 (4):955-962 * increased cognitive dysfunction, * and increased risk of death.Ely EW, Shintani A., Truman B, Speroff T, Gordon SM, Harrell FE, et al. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. JAMA 2004; 291(14): 1753-62

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