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您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:==定义/描述==[[文件:触发点。jpeg|拇指|369x369px|斜方肌的触发点[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trigger_Point_Complex.jpg#globalusage]]]触发点(TrP)是一个超激惹点，是骨骼肌筋膜紧绷带的可触及的结节。直接压迫或肌肉收缩可引起跳征、局部压痛、局部抽搐反应和牵涉性疼痛，后者通常以远离部位的疼痛模式作出反应。[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=sU0XupX7DGsC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Simons+DG，+Travell+JG，+Simons+LS.+Travell+%26+Simons%27+myofascial+pain+and+dysfunction:+upper+half+of+body.+Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins%3B+1999.%5B1%5D%5B2%5D&ots=28QDWjFNiI&sig=0r2uwOXxKjT_Q_SWmqVfCq7EoUc Travell & Simons' s肌筋膜疼痛和功能障碍:上半身]。利平科特威廉姆斯&威尔金斯;1999.Alvarez DJ, Rockwell PG. [https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0215/p653.html?userguid=unk-1632566170543&condition=other&clientId=&entityId=203&clientSiteId=default&groupId=&tp=WEB_PORTAL触发点:诊断和管理]。美国家庭医生。2002年2月15日;65(4):653。Davidoff RA。[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2982.1998.1807436.x触发点和肌筋膜疼痛:了解它们如何影响头痛]。 Cephalalgia. 1998 Sep;18(7):436-48.Vázquez Delgado E, Cascos-Romero J, Gay Escoda C. [http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/49849 Myofascial pain syndrome associated with trigger points: a literature review.(I): Epidemiology, clinical treatment and etiopathogeny]. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal, 2009, vol. 14, num. 10, p. 494-498. 2009 Oct 1.. '''Jump sign''' is the characteristic behavioural response to pressure on a TrP. Individuals are frequently startled by the intense pain. They wince or cry out with a response seemingly out of proportion to the amount of pressure exerted by the examining fingers. They move involuntarily, jerking the shoulder, head, or some other part of the body not being palpated. A jump sign thus reflects the extreme tenderness of a TrP. This sign has been considered pathognomonic for the presence of TrPs. '''Local twitch response''' - defined as a transient visible or palpable contraction of the muscle and skin as the tense muscle fibers contract when pressure is applied through needle penetration or by transverse snapping palpation. A local twitch response on stimulating active TrPs is a widely accepted diagnostic signYap EC. [https://annals.edu.sg/pdf/36VolNo1Jan2007/V36N1p43.pdf Myofascial pain-an overview.] Annals-Academy of Medicine Singapore. 2007 Jan 1;36(1):43.. '''Referred pain''', also called reflective pain, is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus. Pain is reproducible and does not follow dermatomes, myotomes, or nerve roots. There is no specific joint swelling or neurological deficits. Pain from a myofascial TrP is a distinct, discrete and constant pattern or map of pain with no gender or racial differences able to reproduce symptoms - '''referred pain map'''. (Radiating pain is slightly different from referred pain; for example, the pain related to a myocardial infarction could either be referred or radiating pain from the chest. Referred pain is when the pain is located away from or adjacent to the organ involved; for instance, when a person has pain only in their jaw or left arm, but not in the chest)Ray BS, Wolff HG. [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-abstract/544771 Experimental studies on headache: pain-sensitive structures of the head and their significance in headache]. Archives of surgery. 1940 Oct 1;41(4):813-56..

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