查看2型糖尿病的来源

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您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:药物治疗目前还没有治愈糖尿病的方法，唯一可用的治疗方法是帮助保持血糖水平尽可能正常，以帮助防止以后出现进一步的并发症。NHS Choices。2型糖尿病的治疗。可从:www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-type2/pages/treatment.aspx(2015年5月26日访问) 药物不会是你的全科医生推荐你的第一选择，首先他们会建议改变饮食，增加体育活动和减轻体重，以帮助控制糖尿病，而不需要药物。考虑到2型糖尿病通常会随着时间的推移而恶化，2型糖尿病患者最终将接受某种药物治疗，以帮助控制他们的糖尿病。有许多不同的药物可以用来控制血糖水平，但最常见的是二甲双胍。====[[二甲双胍治疗糖尿病[[Metformin  ]] ====二甲双胍通过影响肝脏释放到血液中的葡萄糖量起作用，同时使身体细胞对胰岛素更敏感。它通过激活肝脏和肌肉中的能量调节酶amp激酶来实现这一点。苏格兰校际指南网络。糖尿病的管理:国家临床指南。2014.可从:https://services.nhslothian.scot/DiabetesService/InformationHealthProfessionals/Documents/sign116.pdf(2019年10月3日访问) 二甲双胍用于已经患有2型糖尿病的患者和有患2型糖尿病风险的患者。 但二甲双胍会引起副作用，已知会导致腹泻和低血糖。  ====磺脲酶 ====磺脲类药物增加胰腺胰岛素的内源性释放。   *Glibenclamide *Gliclazide *Glimepiride *Glipizide *Gliquidone These medicines are prescribed when the patient is unable to take Metformins or if they are not overweight. However it may be prescribed in conjunction with Metformin, if Metformin is not lowering blood glucose levels on its own. Sulphonylureas will increase the patient's risk of developing hypoglycaemia, as well as some other side effects such as diarrhoea, weight gain and nausea.  ==== Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) ==== Glitazones work by essentially making the body's cells more sensitive to insulin, meaning that more glucose is taken from the bloodstream. It does so by activating nuclear receptors and promoting esterification and the storage of free fatty acids in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. There is only one of these medications currently being prescribed in the UK, Pioglitazone, as Rosiglitazone was withdrawn due to its side effects of heart attacks and heart failure.   Glitazones are usually taken in combination with either metformin and/or sulphonylureas. These drugs will usually cause weight gain and swelling of the ankles (oedema) as side effects.  ==== Gliptins (DPP-4 inhibitors) ==== These work by stopping the breakdown of the hormone GLP-1, the hormone which helps the body produce insulin in a response to high levels of glucose in the blood, but is quickly broken down. In preventing this breakdown, the gliptins prevent high levels of glucose in the blood, without causing moments of hypoglycaemia.  ==== GLP-1 Agonists  ==== An example of a GLP-1 Agonist is Exenatide. This is an injectable drug which performs a similar action to that of the natural hormone, GLP-1. It is injected twice daily in order to help boost the insulin production when there are high levels of blood glucose, reducing blood glucose, but without the risk of going into a hypoglycemic attack. A GLP-1 Agonist is normally used as a third line of defence when both metformin or sulphonylureas are working for the patient. 
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pSWLJ0s_e8|width}}healthery. What is Diabetes Mellitus? (Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Prevention). Available from: https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pSWLJ0s_e8 (last accessed 3.10.2019)

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