由于以下原因,您无权编辑此页:
- 您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:===老年人===[[平衡训练|平衡训练]]]也可用于老年人。老年人跌倒,由于平衡能力差,具有重要的临床和经济成本和干预。出于这个原因,寻找降低这些成本的可能性是很有趣的,比如使用平衡训练。 newell D. et al.,参加为期8周的有监督的普拉提项目的老年受试者的步态和平衡参数的变化,J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2012fcklr证据水平:3 2011年已经发现一些运动对改善老年人临床平衡结果的有效性的证据不足:*步态*平衡*协调和功能任务*加强锻炼*但计算机平衡程序或振动板的效果证据不足。 howe T.E.等人,运动改善老年人的平衡,Cochrane数据库系统Rev, 2011 [fcklr]证据水平:1为了保持治疗依从性,最好寻找一种具有“有趣因素”的方法。一些例子:*基于音乐的多任务练习程序——基本练习包括随着音乐及时行走和对音乐节奏模式的变化做出反应。运动涉及范围广泛的动作,挑战平衡控制系统,主要是通过要求多方向的重量转移,行走和转身序列,以及行走和站立时夸张的上肢运动。*使用虚拟现实系统进行平衡训练-与2011年的审查相反,2013年发现了一种有效的方法来训练老年人的平衡能力。该方法旨在完成而不是取代其他预防跌倒项目。 *[[Tai Chi and the Older Person|Tai ch]]
i - tai chi has been proven to be an economic and effective way for training balance in older people. Liu H. and Frank A., Tai chi as a balance improvement exercise for older adults: a systematic review, J Geriatr Phys Ther, 2010fckLRLevel of evidence: 1
To ameliorate balance in the elderly it isn’t enough to just follow a conventional exercise intervention (including [[Strength Training versus Power Training|muscle strengthening]], [[stretching]] and aerobic exercises, and health education). Besides, this it is better to also include static, and dynamic balance exercises. *Static balance exercises: squats, two-leg stance and one-leg stance. *Dynamic exercises: jogging end to end, sideways walking or running with crossovers, forward walking or running in a zigzag line, backward walking, or running in zigzag line.Zheng J. et al., Strategic targeted exercise for preventing falls in elderly people, Journal of International Medical Research, 2013 Level of evidence: 2 *Use of [[Balance Boards]]. *Core strength training: Nevertheless to improve balance core strength training is an important element. The benefit is this therapy can be both given in a group setting or in individual fall preventive interventions. A randomized control trial in 72 prefrail adults (65 yrs and above) with mild-to-moderate fall risk found significant improvement in fall risk, proprioception, muscle strength, reaction time, postural sway and health-related quality of life with the Multi-system Physical Exercise (MPE) which consisted of proprioceptive, muscle strengthening, reaction time, and balance training exercisesChittrakul J, Siviroj P, Sungkarat S, Sapbamrer R. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32365613/ Multi-system physical exercise intervention for fall prevention and quality of life in pre-frail older adults: a randomized controlled trial]. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020 Jan;17(9):3102.. According to the systematic review, prevention-focused unimodal exercise programs that incorporate '''only strength training approach''' seems as effective as alternative unimodal (Tai-chi, stretching) or multimodal exercise programs(balance + tone training or balance + strength training) in tackling the risk of falls in older adults. Thus findings suggest that the implementation of supervised strength training might be a time-efficient exercise strategy to prevent falls in older adults. Claudino JG, Afonso J, Sarvestan J, Lanza MB, Pennone J, Serrão JC, Espregueira-Mendes J, Vasconcelos AL, de Andrade MP, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Andrade R. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8304136/#app1-jcm-10-03184 Strength training to prevent falls in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.] Journal of clinical medicine. 2021 Jan;10(14):3184.