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- 您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:==脑瘫干预==幼儿期结局为临床医生提供了极早产儿(EP,妊娠<28周)的发育信息,但学龄期结局更能提供终身功能的信息。根据综述Doyle LW, Spittle A, Anderson PJ, Cheong JL。[https://adc.bmj.com/content/106/9/834.long极度早产儿童的学龄神经发育结果。]儿童疾病档案。2021年5月24日。,与足月出生的对照组相比,在学龄阶段极度早产的儿童智力损伤、神经发育障碍、健康相关生活质量较差、执行、学习和运动功能较差的比例要高得多。了解和了解一系列重要的学龄结果有助于有针对性地进行干预,重点关注出生前、出生中、出生后和整个生命周期。干预的目的和类型对每一个患有CP的孩子都是独特的,因为他们的需求都是不同的,这取决于残疾的程度。这个表格很好地概述了针对每个残疾级别的治疗/干预的目标。{| width="100%" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5" border="1" |- !scope="col" |温和!scope="col" |适中! scope="col" | Severe |- | Intervention will focus of appearance and integration | Intervention will focus on independence and self-care skill | Intervention will focus on comfort and enhanced care |} === Communication === Communication is necessary to express thoughts, feelings, and needs. Every individual with CP needs a way to communicate to be part of the family and the community. If the child can produce comprehensible sounds and syllables by 2 years of age, they will probably have normal verbal communication but considerations need to be made for those whose communication skills are severely affected. Alternative methods such as communication methods such as simple communication boards in children who have difficulty speaking.
=== Activities of Daily Living (ADL) === Activities of daily living are self-care activities such as feeding, toileting, bathing, dressing, and grooming in addition to meal preparation and household maintenance. Dyskinetic and total body involved children have problems of dexterity and fine motor control that prevent independence in activities of daily living. Hemiplegic and diplegic children can become functional in these areas. They sometimes need the help of (occupational) therapy. Family attitude is a critical factor determining the level of independence of a child. Overprotection results in a shy and passive individual who has not gained self-care abilities. === Mobility === Children have to explore their surroundings to improve their cognitive abilities. Mobilisation is crucial for the young child with a disability to prevent secondary mental deprivation. The use of wheelchairs or other mechanical assertive devices can help to promote independent mobility in the community if the child cannot mobilize through walking. Mobility is important to function in fast-paced societies and people who have difficulty moving are always at a disadvantage. In the adult, becoming an independent member of the society and earning a living depends upon independent mobility. Families view ambulation as the most important issue during childhood. Every effort must be made to increase the child’s ability to walk; however, walking depends more on the extent of the child’s neurological impairment rather than the amount of physical therapy, surgery or bracing that they receive. The child can achieve his/her own maximum potential with practice. Focus on ambulation should not result in neglecting communication and cognitive development. Priorities change in adolescence as they need education, independence, and active social life. Although ambulation is still important, it is needed less to function. Learning how to use computers may benefit the adolescent in the long term rather than being able to take a few assisted steps.
Mobility is important for the child, whereas social identity and independence are more valuable for the adolescent. A trial protocol aims to estimate the feasibility of a Dance PaRticipation intervention for preschool-age children (3 years corrected age) born extremely preterm (EP)/extremely low birth weight (EBLW) with motor impairmentCameron KL, McGinley JL, Allison K, Fini NA, Cheong JL, Spittle AJ. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31988234/ Dance PREEMIE, a Dance PaRticipation intervention for Extremely prEterm children with Motor Impairment at prEschool age: an Australian feasibility trial protocol.] BMJ open. 2020 Jan 1;10(1).. International classification of functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) can be used to describe the treatment approach in CP. Please see the link below to understand better. {{#ev:youtube|uoEIc4wBaIo}}