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- 您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:==平衡系统==下列系统提供有关身体平衡的输入,从而维持平衡。躯体感觉/本体感觉系统前庭系统视觉系统中枢神经系统从这三个主要的感觉系统接收关于身体方向的反馈,并将这些感觉反馈整合起来,随后通过选择性地激活肌肉产生纠正、稳定的扭矩。 peterka RJ。人体姿势控制的感觉运动整合。 在正常情况下, 健康人70%依赖体感信息,20%依赖前庭信息;在坚硬的表面上10%的视觉,但改变到60%的前庭信息,30%的视觉&;10%的体感在不稳定的表面。===体感觉系统===来自脊髓-小脑通路的本体感觉信息,在小脑中无意识地加工,是控制体位平衡所必需的。 cynthia Lions,Emmanuel Bui Quoc,Sylvette Wiener-Vacher, Maria P. buci1:斜视儿童的体位控制:本体感觉信息的重要性;[05:156 .] 本体感觉信息具有最短的时间延迟,单突触通路可以快速处理信息40-50 ms,因此是正常情况下姿势控制的主要贡献者。
===前庭系统===[[前庭解剖学和神经生理学|前庭系统]]通过以下方式对头部运动产生代偿反应:#姿势反应(前庭-脊柱反射)-当身体意外失去平衡时保持身体直立并防止跌倒。 #Ocular-motor responses (Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex) - allows the eyes to remain steadily focused while the head is in motion. #Visceral responses (Vestibulo-Colic Reflex) - help keep the head and neck centred, steady, and upright on the shoulders. To achieve this the vestibular system measures head rotation and head acceleration through semicircular canals and otolith organs (utricle and saccule). === Visual System === For non-impaired individuals, under normal conditions the contribution of visual system to postural control is partially redundant as the visual information has longer time delays as long as 150-200 ms.Hwang S, Agada P, Kiemel T, Jeka JJ (2014) Dynamic Reweighting of Three Modalities for Sensor Fusion. PLoS ONE 9(1): e88132. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088132 Friedrich et al.Friedrich M, Grein HJ, Wicher C, Schuetze J, Mueller A, Lauenroth A, Hottenrott K, Schwesig R:Influence of pathologic and simulated visual dysfunctions on the postural system.:Exp Brain Res. 2008 Mar; 186(2):305-14. observed that adults with visual disorders were able to adapt peripheral, vestibular, somatosensory perception and cerebellar processing to compensate for their visual information deficit and to provide good postural control. In addition, Peterka found that adults with bilateral vestibular deficits can enhance their visual and proprioceptive information even more than healthy adults in order to reach effective postural stability. The influence of moving visual fields on postural stability depends on the characteristics of the visual environment, and of the support surface, including the size of the base of support, its rigidity or complianceNicoleta Bugnariu and Joyce Fung;Aging and selective sensorimotor strategies in the regulation of upright balance:J Neuroengineering Rehabil. 2007; 4: 19.