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您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:维持正常血压的机制人体调节动脉压有几种机制。====压力感受器反射====身体通过血管内的压力感受器对血压的急剧变化作出反应。压力感受器是一种机械感受器，通过血管的拉伸被激活。这种感觉信息被传递到中枢神经系统，用来影响外周血管阻力和心输出量。压力感受器有两种形式。高压压力感受器:高压动脉系统中有两个压力感受器:#*颈动脉压力感受器对血压升高和降低都有反应，并通过舌咽神经(CN IX)发送传入信号。#*主动脉弓压力感受器只对血压升高有反应，通过[[迷走神经|迷走神经]](CN X)发送信号。#低压压力感受器====抗利尿激素====抗利尿激素(ADH)是在下丘脑合成的一种[[激素|激素]]。ADH在多种触发下合成和释放，这些触发是:#高血清渗透压，作用于下丘脑的渗透受体#低血容量导致低压压力感受器拉伸减少，导致ADH的产生#血压降低导致高压压力感受器拉伸减少，也导致ADH的产生#血管紧张素II ADH主要作用是增加肾单位收集管中的游离水的再吸收[[肾]]。导致血浆容量和动脉压升高。 ADH in high concentrations also causes moderate vasoconstriction, increasing peripheral resistance, and arterial pressure. [[File:Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.png|right|frameless|600x600px]] ==== [[Renin-Angiotensin Drugs in the Treatment of Hypertension|Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System]] (RAAS) ==== The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a critical regulator of blood volume and systemic vascular resistance. * While the baroreceptor reflex responds in a short-term manner to decreased arterial pressure, the RAAS is responsible for more chronic alterations. * It does this by increasing sodium reabsorption, water reabsorption, and vascular tone. * It is composed of three major compounds: renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone. * These three act to elevate arterial pressure in response to decreased renal blood pressure, decreased salt delivery to the distal convoluted tubule, and/or beta-agonism. Through these mechanisms, the body can elevate the blood pressure in a prolonged manner.Fountain JH, Lappin SL. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470410/ Physiology, Renin Angiotensin System.] InStatPearls [Internet] 2019 May 5. StatPearls Publishing.Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470410/ (last accessed 4.3.2020) See image on the right. Though the RAAS serves a critical function, it can be activated inappropriately in several conditions that may then lead to the development of hypertension. For example, renal artery stenosis results in a decreased volume of blood reaching one (or both) kidneys resulting in the juxtaglomerular cells sensing a decrease in blood volume, activating the RAAS. This can lead to an inappropriate elevation of circulating blood volume and arteriolar tone due to poor renal perfusion.

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