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- 您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:==病理学==帕金森病的病因学尚不清楚，Cova I, Priori a .帕金森病的诊断生物标志物一瞥:我们在哪里?神经传输(维也纳)。2018年,125(10):1417 - 32。《帕金森病的病理生理:从临床神经学到基础神经科学》，《帕金森病的病理生理:从临床神经学到基础神经科学》，《帕金森病的病理生理:从周围神经系统起源到中枢神经系统起源》，《内在细胞振荡器与网络振荡器》，《以基底神经节为基础的病理生理》。.光电工程。2002;17增刊3:S28-40.。
帕金森病的传统定义，病理上，通过发现“死后路易体和儿茶酚胺能神经元变性”Dickson DV(2007)。“运动障碍的神经病理学”。在Tolosa E, Jankovic JJ。帕金森症和运动障碍。马里兰州黑格斯敦:利平科特·威廉姆斯和威尔金斯。 pp. 271–83. Using a pathological definition however, is problematic as it is not practical in life. The two recognised neuro-pathological findings in the brains of people with Parkinson’s are: #'''Loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons''' of the substantia nigra pars compacta.Dickson DV (2007). "Neuropathology of movement disorders". In Tolosa E, Jankovic JJ. Parkinson's and movement disorders. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. pp. 271–83Iarkov A, Barreto GE, Grizzell JA, Echeverria V. [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00004/full Strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: beyond dopamine]. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2020 Jan 31;12:4. The loss of [[dopamine]] neurons occurs most prominently in the ventral lateral substantia nigra. Approximately 60-80% of dopaminergic neurons are lost before the motor signs of Parkinson’s emerge. Dopamine depletion is believed to result from degeneration of dopamine nigrostriatal system, antipsychotic drugs, toxic reactions to chemical agents or poisoningCns basal ganglia. Avialable from:https://www.slideshare.net/physiologylectures/cns-basal-ganglia . #'''The presence of Lewy bodies and Lewy neuritis.''' Some individuals who were thought to be normal neurologically at the time of their deaths are found to have Lewy bodies on autopsy examination. These incidental Lewy bodies have been hypothesised to represent the pre-symptomatic phase of Parkinson. Their prevalence increases with age, but they are specific to Parkinson’s and are found in some cases of atypical parkinsonism and other disorders. [[Image:PD Pathology.png|center|450px]] '''A.''' Schematic initial progression of Lewy body deposits in the first stages of Parkinson's, as proposed by Braak and colleaguesBraak H, Del Tredici K, et al. (2003). "Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's.". Neurobiol Aging 24 (2): 197–211.. '''B. '''Localization of the cluster of significant volume reduction in Parkinson's compared with people without the disease. The significant cluster located in the medulla oblongata/pons is superimposed as a red blob on the mean normalized anatomical scan of all participants.回到 检索自"//m.houseofhawgs.com/Parkinson%27s_-_Anatomy,_Pathology,_Prognosis_and_Diagnosis＂
