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- 您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:===炎症阶段==炎症阶段的目标是止血阶段。*这一阶段在软组织损伤后6-8小时内迅速开始,在1-3天内达到最大反应,并在几周内逐渐消退。 *通过血管收缩、损伤血管收缩、纤维蛋白沉积和凝血实现。*这段时间该区域的血液供应增加,引起水肿和红肿。*吞噬作用(“吞噬细胞吞噬并通常破坏颗粒物质,这是一种重要的身体防御机制,可以抵御微生物感染,防止粘膜表面或组织被外来颗粒和组织碎片阻塞”[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/phagocytosis吞噬作用]。韦氏词典,韦氏词典,
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/phagocytosis 。(访问日期:2020年3月19日).")发生在此阶段。 #急性炎症反应涉及产生渗出物的活动-血浆样液体,从组织或其毛细血管中渗出,由蛋白质和颗粒状[[白细胞]](白色[[血液生理学|血液]]细胞)组成。< ref name = " p2 " >帕萨迪纳。软组织愈合。可从www.pasadena.edu/files/syllabi/rxaguilar_11913.doc软组织愈合获得(访问日期:28/02/2019)。 #慢性炎症反应持续时间较长,涉及非颗粒白细胞的存在和瘢痕组织的产生。 The acute phase involves three mechanisms that act to stop blood loss from the wound: # Local vasoconstriction occurs, lasting a few seconds to as long as 10 minutes. Larger vessels constrict due to neurotransmitters and capillaries and smaller arterioles and venules constrict due to the influence of serotonin and catecholamines released from platelets. The resulting reduction in the volume of blood flow in the region promotes increased blood viscosity or resistance to the flow, which further reduces blood loss at the injury site. # The platelet reaction provokes clotting as individual cells irreversibly combine with each other and with fibrin to form a mechanical plug that occludes the end of a ruptured blood vessel. The platelets also produce an array of chemical mediators in the inflammatory phase: serotonin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and histamine. Also, [[Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)|ATP]] is used for energy in the healing process. # Fibrinogen molecules are converted into fibrin for clot formation. Approximately 1-hour post-injury, swelling or oedema, occurs as the vascular walls become more permeable and increased pressure within the vessels forces a plasma exudate out into the interstitial tissues. This happens in: * Mild trauma - for a few minutes with a return to normal permeability in 20-30 minutes. * More severe traumas - can result in a prolonged state of increased permeability, and sometimes result in delayed onset of increased permeability, with swelling not apparent until some time has elapsed since the original injury. Bradykinin, a major plasma protease present during inflammation, increases vessel permeability and stimulates nerve endings to cause pain.