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您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:===药物===根据临床神经病学(第6版)<参考文献名称=“临床神经病学”>Aminoff MJ, Greenberg DA, Simon RP。临床神经病学第6版。纽约:兰格医学书籍/麦格劳-希尔，2005年。p85 - 90。，一般使用以下药物:{| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" align="center" |- !style="background: #d3dfef;"|急症治疗!style="background: #d3dfef;"|用药!style="background: #d3dfef;"|点评|- | Simple镇痛药| *阿司匹林Kirthi V, Derry S, Moore RA, McQuay HJ。 Aspirin with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(4):CD008041 *Naproxen Sodium *Ibuprofen *Acetaminophen | May cause gastric pain or bleeding and rebound headache if used frequently.  |- | Ergot Preparations | *Ergotamine,caffeine *Dihydroergotamine | May cause nausea and vomiting; contraindicated by pregnancy or peripheral vascular disease; use with metoclopramide (antiemetic)
|- | Narcotic Analgesics | *Codeine/asprin *Codeine/asprin/acetaminophen *Meperidine *Butorphanol | |- | 5-HT Antagonists (Serotonin Receptor Agonists) | *Sumatriptan (Imitrex) *Rizatriptan (Amaxalt) *Zomitriptan (Zomig) *Naratriptan (Amerge) *Almotriptan (Axert) *Frovatriptan (Frova) *Eletriptan (Relpax) | 10% incidence nausea and vomiting; contraindicated by pregnancy or coronary or peripheral vascular disease, and with monoamine oxidase inhibitors |- | Other Agents | *Caffiene/butalbital/asprin (Fiorinal) *Prochlorperazine | Can cause hypotension and drug-induced dystonia |- ! scope="col" style="background: #e1d8eb;" | Prophylactic Treatment ! scope="col" style="background: #e1d8eb;" | Medication ! scope="col" style="background: #e1d8eb;" | Comments |- | Anti-inflammatory Agents | *Asprin *Naproxen Sodium | May cause gastric pain or bleeding and rebound headache if used frequently |- | Beta Blockers
| *Amitriptylline *Nortriptylline *Protriptylline *Doxepin *Propranolol | May cause dry mouth, urinary retention, and sedation; contraindicated in glaucoma or protatism |- | Ergot Alkaloids | *Methergine | Occurrence of retroperitoneal fibrosis with urethral obstruction and mediastinal fibrosis, although uncommon, should be monitored with creatinine, ultrasonography, or intravenous urograms, and chest x-rays every 6 months; a drug holiday every 6 months is prudent |- | Anti-Convulsants | *Phenytoin *Valproic Acid *TopiramateDiener HC, Agosti R, Allais G, Bergmans P, Bussone G, Davies B, et al. Cessation versus continuation of 6-month migraine preventive therapy with topiramate (PROMPT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6(12): 1054-1062. *Gabapentin | |- | Calcium Channel Antagonists | *Verapamil *Nicardipine *Flunarizine | Contraindicated by severe left ventricular dysfunction, hypotension, sick sinus syndrome without artificial pacemaker, or second or third degree AV node block; constipation is the most common side effect; not for use with beta blockers. |- | scope="col" style="background: #efd3d2;" | Other Treatment | scope="col" style="background: #efd3d2;" | Medication | scope="col" style="background: #efd3d2;" | Comments |- | Other Agents | *Prochlorperazine *Hydroxyzine *Metoclopramide | Adjunct to treatment; improves enteric drug absorption and reduces nausea; dystonia and akathisia may occur and respond to IV benedryl |} Proper use of medications is an important part of successfully managing migraine headache, yet migraineurs frequently switch, discontinue, or delay taking effective prescription therapies such as triptans. Adherence is complicated by the recurrent yet unpredictable nature of the disease and variations in individual medication utilization patterns. Furthermore, the progression of migraine may accelerate or remit over time for any given individual, prompting adjustments in medication type or dose. While efficacy, cost, drug tolerability, and side effects impact whether a patient takes migraine medication, low perceived disease importance, and factors related to the patient's internal decision-making process play a strong role in the sustained use of acute medication for a migraine attack. Bozena et alKatić BJ, Krause SJ, Tepper SJ, Hu HX, Bigal ME. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19817884/ Adherence to Acute Migraine Medication: What Does It Mean, Why Does It Matter?] Headache. 2010;50(1):117 propose a model that combines the patient's perceived severity of migraine, their beliefs regarding the safety of acute medications, and factors related to the physician–patient relationship to identify migraineurs at high risk for medication adherence problems.

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