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- 您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:==降低风险-体育活动作为初级预防有几项研究调查了体育活动和锻炼与肌肉骨骼问题初级预防的关系。在海军等工作人群中,较高的健康水平可能与较低的肌肉骨骼疾病(包括腰痛)发病率相关。体育活动与挪威皇家海军中肌肉骨骼疾病的低患病率有关:一项横断面研究。BMC肌肉骨骼疾病。2007年12月,8(1):56。Heneweer H, Picavet HS, Staes F, Kiers H, Vanhees L.与自我报告的体育活动相比,身体健康与腰痛的关系更强:来自工作人群的证据。中华脊柱杂志,2012;21(7):1265-72。< / ref >。规律的身体活动与降低发生疼痛性骨关节炎的风险之间存在剂量-反应关系,尤其是在女性中。[参考文献]Heesch KC, Miller YD, Brown WJ。中年妇女和老年妇女体力活动与关节僵硬或疼痛的关系:一项为期3年的前瞻性研究。 Arthritis research & therapy. 2007 Apr;9(2):R34.. Additionally, high levels of walking are associated with a reduced need for hip replacement surgery especially for womenAgeberg E, Engström G, de Verdier MG, Rollof J, Roos EM, Lohmander LS. Effect of leisure time physical activity on severe knee or hip osteoarthritis leading to total joint replacement: a population-based prospective cohort study. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2012 Dec;13(1):73.. Two longitudinal studies indicated that participation in physical activity including running as an adult does not increase the risk of hip osteoarthritis, there doesn’t seem to be a threshold of increasing risk with increased training among walkers and runners. Interestingly running may provide a protective role, and reduce the risk of hip replacementHootman JM, Macera CA, Helmick CG, Blair SN. Influence of physical activity-related joint stress on the risk of self-reported hip/knee osteoarthritis: a new method to quantify physical activity. Preventive medicine. 2003 May 1;36(5):636-44.Williams PT. Effects of running and walking on osteoarthritis and hip replacement risk. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2013 Jul;45(7):1292. Increasing physical activity and optimising exercise (as recommended by Arthritis Research UK/Versus Arthritis and World Health Organisation (WHO)) is seen as an optimal way to improve musculoskeletal health. Only 36% of the adult population in the UK take part in moderate-intensity physical activity of about 30 min at least once a week. An increasing body of evidence is showing that even the effects of a sedentary lifestyle (for example, of those with a desk job) can be mitigated by a small amount of activity every day. A recent meta-analysis of the data from studies involving over 1 million individuals concluded that an hour of moderate-level activity per day eliminated the increased risk of death associated with 8 h of sitting. === Biological Mechanisms === A number of biological mechanisms have been demonstrated in studies. These include better nutrition and structure of cartilage and improved strength of the muscles surrounding joints providing stability. Importantly, physical activity is also important in bone strength and reducing the risk of fragility fracture. Bone mass peaks typically by the end of the second or early in the third decade of lifeBaxter‐Jones AD, Faulkner RA, Forwood MR, Mirwald RL, Bailey DA. Bone mineral accrual from 8 to 30 years of age: an estimation of peak bone mass. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2011 Aug 1;26(8):1729-39.. As in early life, high impact physical activity promotes strengthening of the bones. People who are physically active reach a higher peak bone strength in mid-adult life and reduce the subsequent speed of decline in bone strength. The benefits of this become apparent in later life with reduced risk of fragility fractures ( ARC 2013).
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