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您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:==诊断肩袖病变==诊断RC病理的关键因素是:Jia X, Petersen SA, Khosravi AH, Almareddi V, Pannirselvam V, McFarland EG。肩部检查:过去、现在和未来。中华骨外科杂志，2009;31(1):1 -8。 *“病史”**年龄/性别/合共病(糖尿病/吸烟/既往肩痛/颈痛)**参与体育运动(接触性运动/头顶运动)**损伤机制(急性损伤(如:*“体格检查”**肩部/颈椎和胸椎目视检查**颈椎扫描(排除牵涉性疼痛和/或神经根病)**触诊(疼痛/畸形/肿胀)**活动范围/功能运动**力量测试(手动肌肉测试或手持测功机)临床测试:RC肌腱病变的诊断可以在诊所使用聚类测试来完成:[[文件:RC肌腱病变聚类测试。png|thumb|513x513px]]]以下聚类测试来自Roy等人(2015)Roy等人(2015)。我的职业生涯很顺利，我的职业生涯也很顺利，我的职业生涯也很顺利。Bliandes connaissances。项目REPAR-IRSST。关系r - 885。: *[[Hawkins / Kennedy Test|Hawkins-Kennedy test]] *[[Neers Test|Neer's test]] *[[Painful Arc|Painful arch sign]] *[[Empty Can Test|Empty can test]] *Pain or weakness with external rotation. *[[Diagnostic Imaging of the Shoulder|Diagnostic imaging of the shoulder]]: **X-rays (less accurate for RC diagnosis; unless a suspected avulsion fracture, calcifications, arthritis or bone deformities) **MRI (best practice for visibility of soft tissue) or **Ultrasound (US) It is important to differentiate shoulder pain coming from places other than the shoulder, such as the neck (referred cervical or thoracic pain) or elbow, and also pains from other structures at the shoulder, through anamnesis and physical examination. Pain is mostly provoked by overhead maneuvers and weakness of the shoulder muscles may occur. RC muscles can not be seen on X-rays but calcifications, arthritis or bone deformations - that are common causes for rotator cuff pathologies - may be visible. The most common imaging method to evaluate rotator cuff pathologies is MRI. It can detect tears and inflammation and may help to determine size and character in order to establish a proper treatment protocol. Although, MRI is the gold standard imaging method for rotator cuff pathologies, US can be used as it has a good diagnostic accuracy (Evidence level 2a)Lenza, M, Buchbinder, R, Takwoingi, Y, Johnston, RV, Hanchard, NC, Faloppa, F. Magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance arthrography and ultrasonography for assessing rotator cuff tears in people with shoulder pain for whom surgery is being considered. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD009020.pub2, more cost effective and readily availableDay, M, Phil, M, McCormack, RA, Nayyar, S, Jazrawi, L. Physician Training Ultrasound and Accuracy of Diagnosis in Rotator Cuff Tears. Bulletin of the hospital for joint disease(2013). 2016; 74(3):207-11.Thakker, VD, Bhuyan, D, Arora, M, Bora, MI. Rotator Cuff Injuries: Is Ultrasound Enough? A Correlation with MRI. International Journal of Anatomy, Radiology and Surgery. 2017; Vol-6(3): RO01-RO07. DOI: 10.7860/IJARS/2017/28116:2279. ==== Possible confounding factors: ==== * Increase in age; * MRI tear characteristics; * Worker's compensation status. Factors, such as age, chronicity, and severity of muscle tendon unit impairments, have been repeatedly associated with higher retear rates and poorer clinical outcomes.Le BT, Wu XL, Lam PH, Murrell GA. Factors predicting rotator cuff retears: an analysis of 1000 consecutive rotator cuff repairs. Am J Sports Med 2014;42:1134-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546514525336 ==== Possible co-morbidities: ==== * [[Diabetes]]; * Smoking; * Prior shoulder infection; * Cervical disease. '''Strength of recommendation: Inconclusive'''

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