查看2型糖尿病的来源

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您请求的操作仅限于组中的用户:诊断试验诊断糖尿病主要有两种类型的试验。糖化血红蛋白被一些人认为是诊断糖尿病的黄金标准。根据美国国家糖尿病信息中心(NDIC;2014)，糖化血红蛋白提供了过去三个月血糖水平的信息。全国糖尿病信息交流中心。糖化血红蛋白测试和糖尿病。可从:http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/A1CTest/#1(2015年5月5日访问)。与空腹血糖测量相比，拥有数月以上的数据具有明显的优势。例如，糖化血红蛋白不需要患者禁食，糖化血红蛋白标记物与糖尿病的相关性更强，糖化血红蛋白是心血管事件的良好预测指标，而空腹血糖水平则不然。Bonora E, Tuomilehto J.糖化血红蛋白诊断糖尿病的利弊。中华糖尿病杂志，2011;34:584 - 590。然而，空腹血糖测试确实提供了实际的好处。 For example, glucose testing is readily added to laboratory analysis tests that already require fasting. Additionally, A1C is not available in lots of areas and is more expensive than fasting blood glucose tests. Cost and ease of administration must be considered given diabetes increased prevalence within low- and middle-income countries. The A1C blood test indicates your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. It works by measuring the percentage of blood sugar attached to hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. The higher your blood sugar levels, the more hemoglobin you'll have with sugar attached. The results of this test are: * Normal: Less than 5.7% * Pre-diabetes: 5.7% - 6.4% * Diabetes: 6.5% or higher If the A1C test isn't available, or if you have certain conditions that can make the A1C test inaccurate — such as if you're pregnant or have an uncommon form of haemoglobin (known as a haemoglobin variant) — your doctor may use the following tests to diagnose diabetes: * '''Random blood sugar test'''. A blood sample will be taken at a random time. Blood sugar values are expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Regardless of when you last ate, a random blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher suggests diabetes, especially when coupled with any of the signs and symptoms of diabetes, such as frequent urination and extreme thirst. A level between 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) and 199 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L) is considered pre-diabetes, which puts you at greater risk of developing diabetes. A blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is normal. * '''Fasting blood sugar test'''. A blood sample will be taken after an overnight fast. A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered pre-diabetes. If it's 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have diabetes mellitus. From 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) to 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L) is considered pre-diabetes, which puts you at greater risk of developing diabetes. * '''Oral glucose tolerance test'''. For this test, you fast overnight, and the fasting blood sugar level is measured. Then you drink a sugary liquid, and blood sugar levels are tested periodically for the next several hours. A blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is normal. A reading of more than 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) after two hours indicates diabetes. A reading between 140 and 199 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L and 11.0 mmol/L) indicates prediabetes. If you do not currently have Diabetes, but are at risk, or simply concerned, diabetes screening is recommended for: * Overweight children who have other risk factors for diabetes, starting at age 10 and repeated every two years.  * Overweight adults (BMI greater than 25) who have other risk factors * Adults over age 45 every 3 years

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