对TrPs的形成知之甚少。文献中有一些理论试图解释TrPs的形成、致化和表现，但很少有强有力的证据
[Delgado EV, Romero JC, guy - escoda C. [https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5994615肌筋膜疼痛综合征与触发点相关:A literature review.(I):流行病学、临床治疗和病因]。药物口服，patología口腔y cirugía口腔。患儿inglesa。2009; 14(10): 1。][Tough EA, White AR, Cummings TM, Richards SH, Campbell JL。[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090380108000554针刺和干针治疗肌筋膜触发点疼痛:随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析]。《中华疼痛杂志》，2009;13(1):3-10.]。在正常情况下，TrPs引起的疼痛是由细髓鞘纤维(Ad)和无髓鞘纤维(C)介导的。各种有害和无害的事件，如机械刺激或化学介质，可激发和敏感Ad纤维和C纤维，从而在trp的发展中发挥作用。 '''Integrated Trigger Point Hypothesis (ITPH)''' is the present working hypothesis. When [[Sarcomere|sarcomeres]] and motor endplate become overactive for a number of different reasons, pathological changes start at cellular levels. This turns on permanently sarcomeres leading to a local inflammatory response, loss of oxygen supply, loss of nutrient supply, endogenous (involuntary) shortening of muscle fibers, and increased metabolic demand on local tissues. Electrophysiological investigations of TrPs reveals phenomena which indicate that the electrical activity arises from dysfunctional extrafusal motor endplates rather than from muscle spindles
[Simons DG. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J094v04n01_07 Clinical and etiological update of myofascial pain from trigger points]. Journal of musculoskeletal pain. 1996 Jan 1;4(1-2):93-122.]. '''Polymodal theory''' explains the existence of polymodal receptors (PMRs) throughout the body which under certain constant, pathological stimuli turn into trigger points
[Kawakita K, Itoh K, Okada K. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513102004119 The polymodal receptor hypothesis of acupuncture and moxibustion, and its rational explanation of acupuncture points]. InInternational Congress Series 2002 Aug 1 (Vol. 1238, pp. 63-68). Elsevier.]. '''Radiculopathic theory''' explains direct relationship between problems on nerve roots which lead to local and distant neurovascular signals and trigger points creation
[Gunn CC, Wall PD. The Gunn approach to the treatment of chronic pain: intramuscular stimulation for myofascial pain of radiculopathic origin. Churchill Livingstone; 1996.]. '''Peripheral and Central Sensitization''' - Central sensitization is a phenomenon, together with peripheral sensitization, which helps in understanding chronic or amplified pain. There is central sensitization after an intense or repetitive stimulus of the nociceptor present in the periphery, leading to a reversible increase of excitability and of the synaptic efficacy of central nociceptive pathway neurons. Manifested as hypersensitivity to pain (called tactile allodynia and hyperalgesia secondary to puncture or pressure). These CNS changes may be detected by electrophysiological or imaging techniques
[Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Arendt-Nielsen L, Simons DG, Pareja JA. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01295.x Myofascial trigger points and sensitization: an updated pain model for tension-type headache]. Cephalalgia. 2007 May;27(5):383-93.][Woolf CJ. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304395910005841 Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain]. pain. 2011 Mar 1;152(3):S2-15.].
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