Lower Limb Motor Coordination
Original Editor-Joseph Olamide
Top Contributors-Joseph Olamide,Chloe Waller,Kim JacksonandLeana Louw
Introduction[edit|edit source]
Motorcoordination, otherwise referred to as dexterity, refers to the ability to perform a motor task in an accurate, rapid and controlled manner[1]. Coordination is dependent on interactions within feedforward and feedback mechanisms between the central nervous system (CNS), sensory information, body schema and motor control[2][3]. For motor control, sufficient muscle tone, range of movement and strength are required[4]. Within the CNS, the cerebellum is primarily is responsible for coordination[5]. Motor coordination requires temporal and spatial accuracy[6].
Lower limb motorcoordinationis essential for the performance of most daily motor activities, such as walking, running, ascending/descending stairs and standing from a chair. The effective performance of these tasks are critical for an independent life[7][6]. Impaired coordination impacts on strength, speed and precision of lower limb movement, thus affecting these functions[8]. It is also important for community activities, and it’s limitation may cause people to become housebound and isolated from the society, especially for those who had sufferedstroke[9]. Motor tasks performed within different contexts require between-limb coordination, which is essential for an independent and safe life, especially in elderly individuals[10]. Lower limb joint coordination changes with age, increasing the risk offallsin the elderly population[11]. Adequate lower limb motor coordination significantly contributes to functionality of stroke individuals, its loss is the major contributor to disability in this population[12][13][14]. Thus, therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring lower limb motor coordination are of great interest for rehabilitation professionals who are involved in research and clinical settings[15].
Medical conditions that may exhibit deficits in lower limb motor coordination[edit|edit source]
- Schizophreniaor other psychiatric disorders[16]
Assessment of lower limb motor coordination[edit|edit source]
Lower limb motor coordination evaluation is very important for a physical therapist practice, as it enables the understanding of the nature and level of impairments of the individual in a standardized way[23][24]. The information gathered from the assessment tools may help planning the interventions and monitoring the clinical status of the patients before, during, and after physical therapy interventions[25][26].
- Auditory-paced ankle dorsi and plantarflexion task[17]
- Rapid alternating movement patterns test (RAMP)[21]
- Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test (LEMOCOT)[6][27]
- Comprehensive Coordination Scale[28]
- Heel-Shin Test[29]
Resources[edit|edit source]
- Pinheiro M, Scianni A, Ada L, Faria C, Teixeira-Salmela L.Reference Values and Psychometric Properties of the Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2014;95(8):1490-1497.
References[edit|edit source]
- ↑Bernstein, N.A. Dexterity and its development. (1st edition ed.). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1996.
- ↑P. Weiss, and M. Jeannerod. Getting a Grasp on Coordination 01 APR 1998https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11390765/
- ↑R.S Johansson, K.J Cole.Sensory-motor coordination during grasping and manipulating actions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 2, Issue 6. December 1992, Pages 815-823
- ↑Donna J. Cech DHS, PT, PCS, Suzanne “Tink” Martin MACT, PT. Posture and Balance.Functional Movement Development Across the Life Span (Third Edition), 2012
- ↑Potvin A.R. Tourtelotte W.W. Quantitative examination of neurologic functions. Boca Raton 1985
- ↑6.06.16.26.3Desrosiers J, Rochette A, Corriveau H.Validation of a new lower-extremity motor coordination test.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2005 May 1;86(5):993-8.
- ↑Carr J, Shepherd R. Reabilitação neurológica: otimizando o desempenho motor. São Paulo: Manole; 2008
- ↑John J. Lee.Limb Impairments After Strokein Stroke Rehabilitation, 2019
- ↑Gao KL, Ng SS, Kwok JW, Chow RT, Tsang WW.Eye–hand coordination and its relationship with sensori-motor impairments in stroke survivors. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2010 Apr 1;42(4):368-73.
- ↑Capranica L, Tessitore A、B Olivieri Minganti C,Pesce C.Field evaluation of cycled coupled movements of hand and foot in older individuals.Gerontology. 2004;50(6):399-406.
- ↑P.Ippersiel, S.M. Robbins, P.C. Dixon Lower-limb coordination and variability during gait: The effects of age and walking surface. Gait and Posture, Volume 85, March 2021
- ↑12.012.1de Menezes KK, Scianni AA, Faria-Fortini I, Avelino PR, Faria CD, Teixeira-Salmela LF.Lower limb motor coordination of stroke survivors, based upon their levels of motor recovery and ages.Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology. 2015;6(6):1-3.
- ↑13.013.1Menezes KP, Nascimento LR, Pinheiro MB, Scianni AA, Faria CD, Avelino P, Faria-Fortini I, Teixeira-Salmela LF.Lower limb motor coordination is significantly impaired in ambulatory people with chronic stroke: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2017 Apr 1;49:322-6.
- ↑14.014.1Menezes KK, Nascimento LR, Faria CD, Avelino PR, Scianni AA, Polese JC, Faria-Fortini I, Teixeira-Salmela LF.Deficits in motor coordination of the paretic lower limb best explained activity limitations after stroke. Physiotherapy theory and practice. 2020 Mar 3;36(3):417-23.
- ↑Ada, L, Canning, C. Changing the way we view the contribution of motor impairments to physical disability after stroke. In: Refshauge, K, Ada, L, Ellis E (2005) editors. Science-based rehabilitation: theories into practice. Sydney: Elsevier; 87–106.
- ↑16.016.1Krebs MO, Gut-Fayand A, Bourdel MC, Dischamp J, Olié JP.Validation and factorial structure of a standardized neurological examination assessing neurological soft signs in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia Research. 2000 Oct 27;45(3):245-60.
- ↑17.017.1Wirth B, van Hedel H, Curt A.Foot control in incomplete SCI: distinction between paresis and dexterity.Neurological research. 2008 Feb 1;30(1):52-60.
- ↑18.018.1Braga-Neto P, Godeiro-Junior C, Dutra LA, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OG.Translation and validation into Brazilian version of the Scale of the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria. 2010 Apr;68(2):228-30.
- ↑19.019.1Schmitz-Hübsch T, Du Montcel ST, Baliko L, Berciano J, Boesch S, Depondt C, Giunti P, Globas C, Infante J, Kang JS, Kremer B.Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia: development of a new clinical scale. Neurology. 2006 Jun 13;66(11):1717-20.
- ↑20.020.1Maki T, Quagliato EM, Cacho EW, Paz LP, Nascimento NH, Inoue MM, Viana MA.Reliability study on the application of the Fugl-Meyer scale in Brazil. Revista Brasileira Fisioterapia. 2006;10(2):177-83.
- ↑21.021.1Dittiger M, Bohannon RW, Andrews AW.Reliability, responsiveness, and validity of timed, large amplitude, rapid alternating movement patterns among patients with stroke. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2001;13(2):75-81.
- ↑22.022.1Gunzler SA, Pavel M, Koudelka C, Carlson NE, Nutt JG.Foot-tapping rate as an objective outcome measure for Parkinson disease clinical trials. Clinical Neuropharmacology. 2009 Mar 1;32(2):97-102.
- ↑Cavaco NS, Alouche SR.Instrumentos de avaliação da função de membros superiores após acidente vascular encefálico: uma revisão sistemática. Fisioterapia e Pesquisa. 2010 Jun;17(2):178-83.
- ↑Soriano FF, Baraldi K.Escalas de avaliação funcional aplicáveis a pacientes pós acidente vascular encefálico.ConScientiae Saúde. 2010;9(3):521-30.
- ↑Lima RC.Adaptação transcultural do Stroke Specific Quality of Life SSQOL: um instrumento específico para avaliar a qualidade de vida de hemiplégicos. [dissertação.] Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; 2006.
- ↑Gadotti IC, Vieira ER, Magee DJ.Importance and clarification of measurement properties in rehabilitation.Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. 2006;10(2):137-46.
- ↑Handelzalts年代,科伦Y,古德曼N, Yeshurun-Tayer A, Parmet Y, Shmuelof L, et al. Insights into motor performance deficits after stroke: an automated and refined analysis of the lower-extremity motor coordination test (LEMOCOT). J Neuroeng Rehabil [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Apr 17];18(1):155. Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34702299/
- ↑Molad R, Alouche SR, Demers M, Levin MF. Development of a comprehensive outcome measure for motor coordination, step 2: Reliability and construct validity in chronic stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Apr 17];35(2):194–203. Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33410389/
- ↑Krishna R, Pathirana PN, Horne M, Power L, Szmulewicz DJ. Quantitative assessment of cerebellar ataxia, through automated limb functional tests. J Neuroeng Rehabil [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Apr 17];16(1):31. Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30813963