Mini-Mental State Examination

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Original Editor-Simisola Ajeyalemi Top Contributors-Simisola Ajeyalemi,Kim Jackson,Lauren Lopez,Safiya Naz,Shaimaa Eldib,Tolulope Adeniji,Lucinda hamptonandAreeba Raja

Description[edit|edit source]

细微精神状态检查用于沉降问题recognitive impairmentinolder adults. According to Folstein et al, it can be used to screen for cognitive impairment, to estimate the severity of cognitive impairment at a given point in time, to follow the course of cognitive changes in an individual over time, and to document an individual’s response to treatment.[1][2]

  • It assesses different subset of cognitive status including attention, language,memory, orientation, visuospatial proficiency.
  • It has also been recommended for the screening of cognition indepressedpatients[3]
  • The mini-mental state examination is proprietary and takes about 10-15 minutes to administer.

When compared to participants with ischemic vascular dementia andParkinson'sdisease, participants withAlzheimer's Diseasedemonstrated significant impairment on the Mini-mental state examination index evaluating orientation and memory, according to the findings. On the Assessing working memory and motor/constructional abilities, the ischemic vascular dementia and Parkinson's disease groups performed significantly worse than the AD patients.[4][5][6]However, it should not be used to exclusively diagnose or differentiate the different types ofdementia.[7][8]

TheMini-Cogand revisedAddenbrooke's Cognitive Examinationare preferred alternatives to the Mini-Mental State Examination for dementia screening, and theMontreal Cognitive Assessmentis a preferred alternative to detect mild cognitive impairment.[9]


Scoring and Interpretation of Scores[edit|edit source]

The Mini-mental state examination is scored on a scale of 0-30 with scores > 25 interpreted as normal cognitive status.

  • Severe cognitive impairment: 0-17
  • Mild cognitive impairment: 18-23
  • No cognitive impairment: 24-30

Interpretation of the mental status examination must take into account the patient's native language, education level, and culture as these factors can affect perfromance.[10]

Validity[edit|edit source]

In 14 studies, the MMSE had a sensitivity of 88.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.3% to 92.9%) and a specificity of 86.2% (95% CI, 81.8% to 89.7%) for dementia, with a score cutoff of 23 to 25 indicating significant impairment.[9]A more recent meta-analysis of 108 cohort studies found a sensitivity of 81% (95% CI, 78% to 84%) and specificity of 89% (95% CI, 87% to 91%)[11][2]

Resources[edit|edit source]

References[edit|edit source]

  1. ↑Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Nov; 12(3):189-98.
  2. ↑2.02.1Sleutjes DK, Harmsen IJ, van Bergen FS, Oosterman JM, Dautzenberg PL, Kessels RP.Validity of the Mini-Mental State Examination-2 in Diagnosing Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Patients Visiting an Outpatient Clinic in the Netherlands. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders. 2020 Jul;34(3):278.
  3. ↑Special Report, Expert Consensus Guideline Series,Postgraduate Medicine,October 2001.
  4. ↑Ala, TA; Hughes, LF; Kyrouac, GA; Ghobrial, MW; Elble, RJ. "The Mini-Mental Status exam may help in the differentiation of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease".International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. June 2002;17(6): 503–9.
  5. ↑Jefferson, AL; Cosentino, SA; Ball, SK; Bogdanoff, B; Leopold, N; Kaplan, E; Libon, DJ. "Errors produced on the mini-mental status examination and neuropsychological test performance in Alzheimer's disease, ischemic vascular dementia, and Parkinson's".The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2002;14(3): 311–20.
  6. ↑Palmqvist年代;汉森,O;Minthon L;伦敦,e .”Practical suggestions on how to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease with common cognitive tests".International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. December 2009;24(12): 1405–12.
  7. ↑Arevalo-Rodriguez I.; Smailagic N.; Ciapponi A.; Sanchez-Perez E.; Giannakou A.; Figuls M.; Cullum S. "Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) for the detection of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)". 2015.
  8. ↑Creavin ST, Wisniewski S, Noel-Storr AH, et al. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of dementia in clinically unevaluated people aged 65 and over in community and primary care populations.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(1):CD011145.
  9. ↑9.09.1Tsoi KK, Chan JY, Hirai HW, Wong SY, Kwok TC. Cognitive tests to detect dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(9):1450–1458.
  10. ↑Faber RA. The neuropsychiatric mental status examination.Semin Neurol. 2009;29(3):185–193. Level of evidence C
  11. ↑Lin JS, O'Connor E, Rossom RC, Perdue LA, Eckstrom E. Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [published correction appears in Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(1):72].Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(9):601–612.
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