Effects of Performance Enhancing Drugs: Difference between revisions

Original Editor-Josh Williams,Ashley PittserLance RamosKayla WoodsKyle CulverJeffrey JacksonChelsea MillerAlan TranMadison KirkMarilyn KozlowskiEugene DeLoachWilliam WarmkaMaddisen ColemanPaul SpannAlyxandria DavisJames WilliamsHailee Wiese日元-Oanh VoAllee TatumLandon AndrewsKelly FossardEmily Northas part of theUniversity of Oklahoma Exercise Science Project
Top Contributors-Chelsea Miller,Emily North,Kim Jackson,日元-Oanh Vo,Ashley Pittser,Lance Ramos,Josh Williams,Maddisen Coleman,Hailee Wiese,Eugene DeLoach,Lucinda hampton,Jeffrey Jackson,Kayla Woods,William Warmka,Kirenga Bamurange Liliane,Alyxandria Davis,Kelly Fossard,Alan Tran,Madison Kirk,Paul Spann,Kyle Culver,127.0.0.1,Allee Tatum,Marilyn Kozlowski,Oyemi Sillo,James Williams,Kayla Garrett,Landon AndrewsandRucha Gadgil

Introduction[edit|edit source]

Numerous ergogenic aids that claim to enhance sports performance are used by amateur and professional athletes. Approximately 50 percent of the general population have reported taking some form of dietary supplements, while 76 to 100 percent of athletes in some sports are reported to use them.

Performance- Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) are pharmacologic agents that athletes and nonathlete weightlifters use to enhance performance^[1]

Physicians can evaluate these products by examining four factors (method of action, available research, adverse effects, legality) that will help them counsel patients.

Common ergogenic aids include

• Anabolic steroids, which increasemusclemass. These illegal supplements are associated with a number of serious adverse effects, some irreversible. They represent one of the oldest classes of drugs of abuse and, accordingly, their effects have been most extensively investigated. When combined with exercise training, AASs increase muscle mass and strength and reduce fat^[2].
• Creatinemodestly improves athletic performance and appears to be relatively safe.
• Dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione do not improve athletic performance but apparently have similar adverse effects as testosterone and are also banned by some sports organizations.
• Caffeinehas mild benefits and side effects and is banned above certain levels. Products that combine caffeine with other stimulants (e.g., ephedrine) have been linked to fatal events.
• Protein and carbohydratesupplementation provides modest benefits with no major adverse effects^[3].

Below there are additional links to pages (see also those above) regarding the influence certain drugs and performance enhancers can have on an individual and the exercise process.^[4]

Side effects of PEDs[edit|edit source]

1. Direct Effects:Hypertension, Dyslidipemia, Myocyte Hypertrophy, Interstitial Fibrosis^[2]
2. Indirect Effects: Extreme cardiac remodelling, Exercise-Induded cardiac injuy, Interstitial fibrosis^[2]

Clinical Consequences[edit|edit source]

• Increased risk of arrhythmias
• Heart failure
• Sudden cardiac death

额外的读取[edit|edit source]

• The influence of human growth hormone (HGH) on physiologic processes and exercise

• The influence of anabolic steroids on physiologic processes and exercise
• The influence of alcohol on physiologic processes and exercise
• The influence of methampetamine on physiologic processes and exercise
• The Influence of NSAIDs on Physiologic Processes and Exercise
• The influence of smoking on physiologic processes and exercise
• The influence of analgesic medication on physiologic processes and exercise
• The influence of marijuana on physiologic processes and exercise
• The influence of ADHD medication on physiologic processes and exercise
• The influence of muscle relaxers on physiologic processes and exercise

References[edit|edit source]