2 Minute Walk Test

Objective[edit|edit source]

The Two/2 Minute Walk Test (2MWT) is a measure of self-paced walking ability and functional capacity^[1], particularly for those who cannot manage the longerSix Minute Walk Test（6MWT）或12 Minute Walk Test.

Intended Population[edit|edit source]

The 2MWT has been used as an outcome measure in a variety of health conditions in adults and paediatric populations^[2]including:

• 功能限制性条件，例如cystic fibrosis^[3]COPD^[1][4]
• lower limb amputation^[5]
• adultneuromuscular disease^[6]
• 心脏病^[7]
• 长者y^[8], including those in long term care^[9]
• paediatric神经肌肉疾病^[10].

一般信息[edit|edit source]

The person is encouraged to walk as fast as they can, safely, without assistance for two minutes and the distance is measured^[11].

• Start timing when the individual is instructed to “Go”.
• Stop timing at 2 minutes.
• Assistive devices can be used but should be kept consistent and documented from test to test.

• If physical assistance is required to walk, the test should not be performed.
• 测量轮有助于确定行走的距离。
• Person should walk at the fastest speed possible.
• Rest breaks are allowed if needed.

Equipment[edit|edit source]

A clear "out and back"course such as a hallway with cones or similar to mark an approximately 15m^[12], stopwatch, pen and paper or a device to record distance walked. Other observations tools e.g.BORGscale may be used for additional assessment.

Instructions and Guidelines[edit|edit source]

Before starting the test, observer gives initial instructions :

“Cover as much ground as possible over 2 minutes. Walk continuously if possible, but do not be concerned if you need to slow down or stop to rest. The goal is to feel at the end of the test that more ground could not have been covered in the 2 minutes”^[11].

The observer provides encouragement after the first minute of the person walking with standardised responses: "You're doing well" and "One minute left"^[8].

The 2MWT requires two practice walks before it is measured due to a training effect^[1][8][13].

^[14]

Evidence[edit|edit source]

1. Reliability: Studies have shown that the 2MWT is consistently reproducible^[1][8][13].
2. Validity: The 2MWT shows good construct validity with similar walking measures. The 2MWT correlates highly with the six and 12 minute walk tests indicating they are similar measures ofgait和exercise tolerancein population-based samples^[13]和those with respiratory disease^[1]或者Multiple Sclerosis^[6]. A study conducted in paediatric population with neuromuscular disorders showed that the 2 MWT had strong correlations withMotor Function Measure-32和timed function tests and can be used interchangeably with 6MWT^[2].
3. Responsiveness: Research shows the 2MWT does not discriminate as well as the longer six and 12 minute walk tests in subjects withrespiratory disease^[1].
   • 一项研究报告说，在2MWT中行走的距离（DW）的最小可检测变化为4250万^[13].
   • In subjects with COPD undergoingpulmonary rehabilitation, a clinically meaningful change of 5.5m in distance walked has been reported^[4].
   • A study of subjects post冠状动脉搭桥证明2MWT对变化很敏感，但不能区分患者或呼吸并发症的患者^[7].

Normative Data[edit|edit source]

年龄和性别解释51%的variance in the distance walked in the 2MWT^[8]，即老年和女性与较短的沃克有关。

Studies findings

• Correlations between DW and height, weight, age and gender^[13].
• Subjects reached 70% of their maximum heart rate which was comparable with similar testing of the 6MWT. This could suggest that a steady state of exertion is reached after only a short period of walking, as both the two and six minute walk tests are self-paced (i.e. 2MWT is a useful measure instead of the 6MWT if it is not practical to perform)^[8].

Normative Values

Data from Bohannon (2017)^[12]

Gender	Age (years)	Mean Distance with Standard Error (metres)
Male	20-29	217.9 (5.4)
	30-39	202.1（3.0）
	40-49	192.1 (2.7)
	50-59	189.8（2.6）
	60-69	183.0 (7.0)
	70-79	163.1 (5.3)
Female	20-29	194.1（8.4）
	30-39	181.4 (1.7)
	40-49	180.7 (10.4)
	50-59	169.1 (10.0)
	60-69	163.7 (6.9)
	70-79	150.3 (1.3)

Researchers have reported on equations for children and adolescents aged 3 - 17 years^[15]:

• For boys; 39.69 + 16.11(age) - 0.58(age squared) + 53.56(height) - 0.54(body mass)
• For girls; 56.56 + 18.04(age) - 0.67(age squared) - 0.64(body mass) + 36.08(height)

Clinical Significance of 2 MWT[edit|edit source]

Paediatric Population

1. The 2MWT is of shorter duration, objective, easily administered, and provides a standardized evaluation of functional capacity in populations with reduced ambulatory capability in adults with neuromuscular disease^[16]. This format of the test helps in neurologically affected children with行为问题, limited ambulatory capacity, lower muscularstrength和increased fatigue levels lower cognition levels to test their functional capacity^[2].
2. It is an easy-to-implement measure to establish a baseline level of impairment, monitor disease progression and evaluate the effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions in children with significant illness.

Adult Population

1. It can used in the aged population, individuals with lower extremity amputations, cystic fibrosis,traumatic brain injury和神经系统疾病作为耐力的量度。
2. It is used as a measure ofgaitspeed, and有氧运动capacity in patients who are unable to complete 6MWT.

参考[edit|edit source]